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金属学报  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (4): 547-556    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00357
  本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
基于焊缝熔深优化的7075铝合金等离子-MIG复合焊接热裂纹敏感性
邵盈恺, 王玉玺, 杨志斌(), 史春元
大连交通大学材料科学与工程学院 大连 116028
Plasma-MIG Hybrid Welding Hot Cracking Susceptibility of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Based on Optimum of Weld Penetration
Yingkai SHAO, Yuxi WANG, Zhibin YANG(), Chunyuan SHI
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Jiaotong University, Dalian 116028, China
引用本文:

邵盈恺, 王玉玺, 杨志斌, 史春元. 基于焊缝熔深优化的7075铝合金等离子-MIG复合焊接热裂纹敏感性[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(4): 547-556.
Yingkai SHAO, Yuxi WANG, Zhibin YANG, Chunyuan SHI. Plasma-MIG Hybrid Welding Hot Cracking Susceptibility of 7075 Aluminum Alloy Based on Optimum of Weld Penetration[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(4): 547-556.

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摘要: 

通过一次回归正交实验,建立了7075铝合金等离子-MIG复合焊接参数与焊缝熔深之间的定量关系;利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机对7075铝合金进行热塑性实验,确定了合金的脆性温度区间;采用鱼骨法对7075铝合金进行焊接热裂纹敏感性实验,并用SEM、EDS等手段分析了热裂纹的类型及产生原因。结果表明,7075铝合金脆性温度区间为470~620 ℃;当焊接热输入分别为2.52、2.95和3.42 kJ/cm时,随着热输入的增加,焊接热裂纹敏感性呈先降低后升高的变化规律,裂纹类型由母材部分熔化区的液化裂纹转变为焊缝金属区的结晶裂纹,其中当热输入量为2.95 kJ/cm时,焊接接头不仅获得最佳的焊缝熔深,而且其热裂纹敏感性最小,焊接热裂纹呈结晶裂纹方式。

关键词 7075铝合金等离子-MIG复合焊焊缝熔深焊接热裂纹敏感性    
Abstract

The 7075 aluminum alloys have major applications in commercial, transportation industry and military air carriers, owing to their associated light weight, high strength, good machinability, high fracture toughness and low fatigue crack growth. Several welding techniques, such as metal inert gas (MIG) welding, tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding, laser welding and friction stir welding (FSW), have been applied to weld the 7075 aluminum alloys. However, their applications are limited because of the lower weld strength, slower welding speed and other significant limitations of them. Among the different welding techniques, plasma-MIG hybrid welding is a new fabrication technique with many advantages such as stable welding process, no weld spatter, the decreased pores, small grain size and high joint quality. Up to now, the study mainly focuses on coaxial plasma-MIG hybrid welding, and it is rare in dealing with the hot cracking susceptibility of 7000 series aluminum alloys welded by paraxial plasma-MIG hybrid welding. In this work, the paraxial plasma-MIG hybrid welding system was used to weld 7075-T6 aluminum alloy plates. The quantitative relationship between plasma-MIG hybrid welding parameters of 7075 aluminum alloy and weld penetration was established by linear regression orthogonal test. Hot ductility tests were studied by using the thermal simulated test to determine the brittleness temperature range of the alloy. Welding hot cracking susceptibility tests were conducted by using the fish bone method, and the type and cause of the hot cracking were analyzed by SEM, EDS and OM. The results indicated that the brittleness temperature range of 7075 aluminum alloy was 470~620 ℃. When the heat inputs of plasma-MIG hybrid welding were 2.52, 2.95 and 3.42 kJ/cm respectively, the welding hot cracking susceptibility decreased and then increased with the heat input increasing. The type of cracking in partially melted zone of base metal was liquation cracking, and that of weld zone was solidification cracking. When the heat input was 2.95 kJ/cm, the welding hot cracking sensitivity was the least, and the welding cracking was solidification cracking. Compared to MIG welding joints, the hot cracking susceptibility of plasma-MIG hybrid welding joints decreased by 47% under the same conditions.

Key words7075 aluminum alloy    plasma-MIG hybrid welding    weld penetration    welding hot cracking susceptibility
收稿日期: 2017-08-29     
ZTFLH:  TG406  
基金资助:辽宁省教育厅一般项目No.JDL2016009
作者简介:

作者简介 邵盈恺,男,1992年生,硕士

Material Si Fe Cu Mg Zn Ti Pb Cr Mn Al
7075-T6 0.09 0.29 1.45 2.23 5.34 0.05 0.03 - - Bal.
ER5183 0.3 0.1 0.1 4.5 - 0.1 - 0.1 0.8 Bal.
表1  铝合金母材及焊丝化学成分
Material Yield strength / MPa Tensile strength / MPa Elongation / %
7075-T6 ≥435 ≥505 ≥8
ER5183 ≥125 ≥275 ≥17
表2  铝合金母材及焊丝力学性能
图1  热塑性试样尺寸示意图
图2  鱼骨法焊接热裂纹试件示意图
Level zj IP (x1) IMIG (x2) v (x3) Q (x4)
Lower -1 80 120 90 5
Zero 0 100 150 100 6
Upper 1 120 180 110 7
Range Δj 20 30 10 1
表3  自然因素水平及其编码
图3  正交实验的部分焊缝成形
No. z1 z2 z3 z4 IP (x1) IMIG (x2) v (x3) Q (x4) y Forming condition
1 1 1 1 1 120 180 110 7 4.00 Over penetration
2 1 1 -1 -1 120 180 90 5 4.00 Well-formed
3 1 -1 1 -1 120 120 110 5 2.46 Lack of penetration
4 l -1 -1 1 120 120 90 7 4.00 Over penetration
5 -1 1 1 -1 80 180 110 5 3.04 Lack of penetration
6 -1 1 -1 1 80 180 90 7 4.00 Well-formed
7 -1 -1 l 1 80 120 110 7 1.68 Lack of penetration
8 -1 -1 -1 -1 80 120 90 5 2.14 Lack of penetration
9 0 0 0 0 100 150 100 6 3.30 Lack of penetration
10 0 0 0 0 100 150 100 6 3.51 Lack of penetration
11 0 0 0 0 100 150 100 6 3.06 Lack of penetration
表4  正交实验方案及结果
Source of variance SS Df MS F Significance
z1 1.6200 1 1.6200 15.55 * *
z2 2.8322 1 2.8322 27.18 * *
z3 1.0952 1 1.0952 10.51 *
z4 0.5202 1 0.5202 4.99 *
Regression 6.0676 4 1.5169 14.56 * *
Residual 0.6253 6 0.1042
Sum 6.6929 n-1=10
表5  一次回归方程显著性分析
图4  优化焊接参数下的焊缝成形
图5  加热阶段抗拉强度-温度曲线
图6  零强度温度试样断口形貌SEM像
图7  冷却阶段断面收缩率-温度曲线
图8  零塑性温度试样断口形貌SEM像
图9  焊接热裂纹宏观形貌
Welding process Heat input / (kJcm-1) Cracking sensitivity / % Mean cracking sensitivity / %
Plasma
-MIG







2.52 72.92 86.39
92.50
93.75
2.95 39.58 45.14
50.00
45.83
3.42 84.58 85.14
86.25
84.58
MIG 2.95 88.56 88.86
90.15
87.86
表6  焊接热裂纹敏感性实验结果
图10  不同热输入下焊接热裂纹微观组织
图11  不同热输入下焊接热裂纹断口微观形貌
图12  热输入为2.52 kJ/cm时母材部分熔化区裂纹附近的SEM像和EDS元素分布图
Position Al Cu Mg Zn
1 93.22 1.73 2.51 2.54
2 93.05 2.30 2.25 2.40
3 92.25 2.11 2.89 2.75
Mean 92.84 2.05 2.55 2.56
表7  图12a中部分熔化区晶界的EDS分析
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