钛铝金属间化合物的进展与挑战<sup>*</sup>

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00396

金属学报

2015, Vol. 51

Issue (2): 129-147 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00396

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

钛铝金属间化合物的进展与挑战^*

杨锐(

)

中国科学院金属研究所, 沈阳 110016

ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES OF TiAl BASE ALLOYS

(

)

Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016

引用本文:

杨锐. 钛铝金属间化合物的进展与挑战^*[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(2): 129-147.
. ADVANCES AND CHALLENGES OF TiAl BASE ALLOYS[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2015, 51(2): 129-147.

全文: PDF(5410 KB) HTML

摘要:

按照起步(1974~1985年), 热潮(1986~1995年), 兴起(1996~2005年)和特定应用(2006年~) 4个阶段回顾了钛铝金属间化合物的研发历程, 评述了各阶段对钛铝合金发展起到主导作用的里程碑事件, 简要总结了在合金化、显微组织类别、一次加工(熔炼)、二次加工(热加工)、性能、三次加工(成形)等6个方面的主要进展. 提出了钛铝合金未来发展面临的5方面挑战: 铸造合金与技术的进一步发展、低成本变形合金技术、第三代合金研制、基于新制备技术的新应用以及新成形工艺研发。

关键词 ：钛铝金属间化合物, 低成本工艺, 应用, 技术挑战

Abstract：

The history of research and development of γ-TiAl intermetallic alloys was outlined and divided into 4 stages: starting (1974~1985), revolutionary (1986~1995), emerging (1996~2005) and specialty materials (2006~). Major events and landmarks at the different stages were recounted to provide a framework for understanding scientific and technological progress. Key advances in the following 6 areas were reviewed: alloying, microstructure type, primary processing (melting), secondary processing (hot working), properties (including creep, fracture and fatigue, and oxidation), and tertiary processing (forming, covering both investment casting and near-net shape powder metallurgy). Future challenges were identified as follows: improvement of centrifugal casting technology, low-cost wrought process, development of third-generation alloys that meet design specifications, new applications based on new technologies, and viability of new forming routes such as additive manufacturing。

Key words： γ-TiAl intermetallic alloy cost-effective processing route application future challenge

收稿日期: 2014-07-18

ZTFLH:

TG146.2

作者简介: null

杨锐, 男, 1965年生, 研究员

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00396 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2015/V51/I2/129

图1 Ti-Al二元相图[4]

图2 先进材料的发展阶段[13]

图3 Ti-46Al-8Nb合金显微组织和冷却速率的关系[37]

图4 Ti-47Al合金在1200 ℃单道压缩至70%的扫描电镜照片[109]

图5 γ-TiAl合金片层碎化过程[109]

图6 中国科学院金属研究所采用热挤压工艺制造的γ-TiAl合金汽车发动机排气阀坯料和加工得到的排气阀

图7 挤压态组织在α固溶处理和冷却时织构演化示意图[112]

图8 失蜡精密铸造技术的工艺环节[173]

图9 中国科学院金属研究所制造的γ-TiAl合金低压涡轮叶片精密铸件

图10 中国科学院金属研究所制造的γ-TiAl合金汽车发动机活塞精密铸件

图10 中国科学院金属研究所采用近净形粉末冶金工艺制造的γ-TiAl合金汽车发动机连杆

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