连铸结晶器内高温熔体多相流模型化研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00175

金属学报

2022, Vol. 58

Issue (10): 1236-1252 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2022.00175

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连铸结晶器内高温熔体多相流模型化研究进展

刘中秋¹^,², 李宝宽¹(

), 肖丽俊², 干勇²

^1.东北大学冶金学院沈阳 110819
^2.钢铁研究总院北京 100081

Modeling Progress of High-Temperature Melt Multiphase Flow in Continuous Casting Mold

LIU Zhongqiu¹^,², LI Baokuan¹(

), XIAO Lijun², GAN Yong²

^1.School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
^2.Central Iron and Steel Research Institute, Beijing 100081, China

引用本文:

刘中秋, 李宝宽, 肖丽俊, 干勇. 连铸结晶器内高温熔体多相流模型化研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2022, 58(10): 1236-1252.
Zhongqiu LIU, Baokuan LI, Lijun XIAO, Yong GAN. Modeling Progress of High-Temperature Melt Multiphase Flow in Continuous Casting Mold[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022, 58(10): 1236-1252.

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摘要:

连铸结晶器内高温熔体多相流的运动状态强烈地影响高品质钢的洁净化、均匀化和精细化。该高温熔体多相流为非稳态湍流,同时耦合传热、传质、相变、反应、电磁力等诸多过程,形成了十分复杂的非稳态、非线性、非平衡多物理场,很难通过现场测试对其内部的各种物理量进行在线测量。在确保流动和凝固过程相似的情况下,开展物理模拟实验以及对其多尺度传输现象的数值模拟,已成为阐述连铸坯各类缺陷形成机理的首选。然而,与传统流体力学问题相比,冶金高温熔体多相流的突出特点是物性变化大、本构关系式复杂、相界面影响因素多及边界物理量梯度大等,且连铸结晶器内多物理场存在连续相大界面变形、离散相颗粒输运以及连续相-离散相转变等复杂多变的多尺度界面现象,以及多尺度的湍流涡结构,这些都给高温熔体多相流模型化研究带来极大困难。相比于单相流,多相流具有相界面拓扑形状变化的特征,本文从离散流界面尺度分布性、混合流界面跨尺度性、凝固界面多尺度性、以及湍流在揭示多尺度相界面结构中的作用等4方面回顾了连铸结晶器内高温熔体多相流模型化的研究进展,并展望了未来可能的研究方向。

关键词 ：连铸结晶器, 高温熔体, 多相流, 多尺度, 模型化

Abstract：

The cleanliness, homogenization, and refinement of the high-quality steel are highly dependent on the high-temperature melt multiphase flow in the continuous casting mold. The high-temperature melt multiphase flow is unsteady-state turbulence that is coupled with heat transfer, mass transfer, phase change, chemical reaction, and electromagnetic effect, forming an extremely complex, unsteady, nonlinear, and nonequilibrium multiphysical fields, where various physical quantities are nearly impossible to on-line measure through on-site testing. With the similarity of flow and solidification processes ensured, both the physical experiment and the numerical simulation of multiscale transport phenomenon have emerged as the prime choices to study the formation mechanism of various defects in continuous casting slabs. However, in various forms, the conventional hydrodynamic problems, such as the high-temperature melt multiphase flow in various metallurgical reactors, is characterized by a considerable change in physical properties, complex constitutive equations, diverse influencing factors of phase interface, and large gradient of physical quantities near the boundary. In addition, in the multiphysical fields inside continuous casting mold, there exists complex and variable multiscale interface phenomena like large-scale interface deformation of the continuous phase, transport of discrete phase particle, and transition between continuous and discrete phase, as well as the multiscale turbulent vortex structure, which poses a great challenge to modeling of high-temperature melt multiphase flow. Compared with the single-phase flow, the multiphase flow is characterized by the topological variation of the phase interface. In this paper, the research progress on modeling the high-temperature melt multiphase flow in the continuous casting mold is discussed from the following four perspectives: the scale distribution of discrete flow interface, cross-scale phenomenon of mixed flow interface, multiscale phenomenon of solidification interface, and role of turbulence in revealing the multiscale phase interface structure. Finally, the potential study direction in the future is considered.

Key words： continuous casting mold high-temperature melt multiphase flow multiscale modeling

收稿日期: 2022-04-17

ZTFLH:

TF777.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51974071);国家自然科学基金项目(52171031);中国博士后科学基金项目(2020M680475)

作者简介: 刘中秋,男,1986年生,副教授,博士

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图1 结晶器内多相、多物理场、多尺度特征

图2 不同粒径气泡的运动轨迹[25]

图3 实际连铸坯内气泡及夹杂物空间分布[12]

图4 结晶器内的气泡群与脱群气泡

图5 夹杂物在凝固坯壳上的捕捉位置[10]

图6 结晶器上表面的渣眼分布[51]

图7 实验与模拟水口内含气率分布对比

图8 水模型实验中的漩涡卷渣现象[78]

图9 水模型实验中的乳化现象[51]

图10 数值模拟捕捉到的漩涡卷渣现象[52]

图11 底部视角下的气泡聚并过程[109]

图12 凝固实验捕捉到的宏观凝固组织演化[128,129]

图13 钢带初始温度(Td0)与等轴晶率的关系[129]

Method	Continuity	Momentum equation	Solvable scale	Model	Computation
	equation				requirement
DNS	$∂ u i ∂ x i = 0$	$∂ u i ∂ t + u j ∂ u i ∂ x j =$	Eddies of all scales	No	Huge
		$- 1 ρ ∂ p ∂ x j + υ ∂ 2 u i ∂ x j ∂ x j + f i$
LES	$∂ u ¯ i ∂ x i = 0$	$∂ u ¯ i ∂ t + u j ∂ u i u j ¯ ∂ x j =$	Eddies of large scales	Subgrid scale model	High
		$- 1 ρ ∂ p ¯ ∂ x j + υ ∂ 2 u ¯ i ∂ x j ∂ x j + f ¯ i$
RANS	$∂ u i ∂ x i = 0$	$∂ u i ∂ t + ∂ u i u j ∂ x j =$	Eddies of average scale	Time-averaged turbulence model	Low
		$- 1 ρ ∂ p ∂ x j + υ ∂ 2 u i ∂ x j ∂ x j + f i$

表1 3种湍流数值模拟方法的基本方程和特点

图14 结晶器内钢液-Ar气两相瞬态流场特征[50]

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