Thermal Deformation Behavior and Hot Rolling Process of X65/Inconel 625 Bimetal Composite Plate for Deep Sea Oil and Gas Field Transportation

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00303

Acta Metall Sin

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (4): 572-586 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00303

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Thermal Deformation Behavior and Hot Rolling Process of X65/Inconel 625 Bimetal Composite Plate for Deep Sea Oil and Gas Field Transportation

LIU Geng¹^,², SHAN Yiyin²^,³(

), YAN Wei²^,³, SU Rui¹^,², REN Yi⁴, SHI Xianbo²^,³

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
^2.Shi -changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^3.Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
^4.State Key Laboratory of Metal Materials for Marine Equipment and Application, Ansteel Group Corporation, Anshan 114009, China

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LIU Geng, SHAN Yiyin, YAN Wei, SU Rui, REN Yi, SHI Xianbo. Thermal Deformation Behavior and Hot Rolling Process of X65/Inconel 625 Bimetal Composite Plate for Deep Sea Oil and Gas Field Transportation. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(4): 572-586.

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Abstract

The service environment of deep-sea oil and gas pipelines is becoming increasingly harsh, making it difficult for traditional single-metal pipeline steels to meet the unique demands of such environments. Bimetal composite materials leverage the advantages of bimetal components to achieve properties that are not possible with single metal materials. Hot rolling, a solid-phase bonding process that joins pipeline steel substrates and stainless steel at high temperatures, is an efficient method for creating strong interfaces. This technique is particularly suitable for the large-scale industrial production of bimetal clad plates, necessitating the establishment of an industrial production line. To overcome the challenge posed by deformation inconsistencies that adversely affect the properties and interface bonding strength of heterogeneous bimetal clad materials during hot rolling, the precise control of the hot rolling process for X65/Inconel 625 bimetal composite plates intended for deep-sea oil and gas transportation was investigated. Thermal compression tests on the X65 pipeline steel and Inconel 625 corrosion-resistant alloy were carried out using a Gleeble-3800 thermal simulation testing machine. The flow stress, constitutive relationships, thermal working diagram, interface bending resistance, and microstructure characteristics of the bimetallic materials were examined. The results indicate that the peak stress difference in the bimetallic materials decreases as the deformation temperature increases and the strain rate decreases. At high temperatures (≥ 950 ^oC), the primary softening mechanism for X65 steel is dynamic recovery, whereas that for Inconel 625 is dynamic recrystallization. Our findings suggest that the optimal hot rolling process for the bimetal clad plate should involve a final rolling temperature of 1000 ^oC and a reduction of 70%, based on theoretical analysis and experimental data. The interface is straight and well-combined, and demonstrates strong bending deformation ability. The bimetal clad plate achieves a rolling direction yield strength of 469 MPa, tensile strength of 606 MPa, elongation of 30%, and shear strength of 442 MPa.

Key words: bimetal composite plate thermal compression hot rolling composite interface three-point bending

Received: 28 August 2024

ZTFLH:

TG 335.5

Fund: National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201093);Special Project of Ministry of Industry and Information Technology(2240STCZB2346);Open Fund of State Key Laboratory of Marine Equipment(SKLMEA-K202205)

Corresponding Authors: SHAN Yiyin, professor, Tel: (024)23971517, E-mail: yyshan@imr.ac.cn

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	LIU Geng
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	REN Yi
	SHI Xianbo

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00303 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2026/V62/I4/572

Fig.1 Schematic of the hot compressive deformation processes (a) and compression direction and initial microstructure (b) (unit: mm. T—temperature, t—time)

Fig.2 Schematic of symmetrical rolling of X65/Inconel 625 bimetal composite plate

Fig.3 Schematics of sampling positions of microstructure samples and dimensions of mechanical sample (unit: mm. ND—normal direction, RD—rolling direction, TD—transverse direction)
(a) EBSD sample after thermal compression test
(b) EBSD and SEM samples after hot rolling
(c) tensile sample after hot rolling
(d) three-point bending sample after hot rolling
(e) shear sample after hot rolling

Fig.4 True stress-strain curves of X65 steel (a, c, e, g) and Inconel 625 alloy (b, d, f, h) under different deformation conditions ( $ε ˙$ —strain rate)
(a, b)

ε ˙ =

0.01 s^-1 (c, d)

ε ˙ =

0.1 s^-1 (e, f)

ε ˙ =

1 s^-1 (g, h)

ε ˙ =

10 s^-1

Fig.5 Peak stresses of X65 steel and Inconel 625 alloy under different deformation conditions
(a) T = 850 ^oC (b) T = 950 ^oC (c) T = 1050 ^oC (d) T = 1150 ^oC

Fig.6 Relationship between ln $ε ˙$ and lnσ_p (a), ln $ε ˙$ and σ_p (b), ln $ε ˙$ and ln[sinh(ασ_p)] (c), and ln[sinh(ασ_p)] and 1000 / T (d) (σ_p—peak stress, α—material constant)

Table 1 Parameters in constitutive equations of X65 steel and Inconel 625 alloy

Fig.7 Fitting results of experimental and predicted peak stresses (R_c—linear correlation coefficient, e_AARE—average relative error)
(a) X65 steel (b) Inconel 625 alloy

Fig.8 Modified fitting results of experimental and predicted peak stresses
(a) X65 steel (b) Inconel 625 alloy

Fig.9 Thermal processing maps (color areas) and instability maps (gray areas) of X65 steel (a-c) and Inconel 625 alloy (d-f) at different strains (The contour lines represent the power dissipation coefficient)
(a, d) ɛ = 0.3 (b, e) ɛ = 0.5 (c, f) ɛ = 0.7

Fig.10 Inverse pole figures (IPFs) and high-angle grain boundary (HAGB) maps of X65 steel (a-c) and Inconel 625 alloy (d-f) under different thermal deformation conditions (DRX—dynamic recrystallization) (a, d) T = 950 ^oC, $ε ˙$ = 1 s^-1 (b, e) T = 1050 ^oC, $ε ˙$ = 1 s^-1 (c, f) T = 1150 ^oC, $ε ˙$ = 1 s^-1

Fig.11 EBSD maps (a-f) and recrystallized microstructure statistic histograms (g, h) of X65 steel (a-c, g) and Inconel 625 alloy (d-f, h) at different thermal deformation conditions; and true stress-strain curves at 1150 ^oC and 1 s^-1 (DRV—dynamic recovery) (i) (a, d) T = 950 ^oC, $ε ˙$ = 1 s^-1 (b, e) T = 1050 ^oC, $ε ˙$ = 1 s^-1 (c, f) T = 1150 ^oC, $ε ˙$ = 1 s^-1

Fig.12 Kernel average misorientation (KAM) distributions and KAM maps (insets) of alloys (b) at different thermal defor-mation conditions (θ_avg_T—average orientation at T)
(a) X65 steel (b) Inconel 625

Fig.13 Macrostructures of hot-rolled bimetal composite plate by a domestic steel plant at final rolling temperature of 850 ^oC
(a) top view
(b) front view

Fig.14 Macrostructures of hot-rolled bimetal composite plate at final rolling temperature of 1000 ^oC
(a) vertical view
(b) main view

Fig.15 Low (a) and high (b) magnified SEM images of microstructure near the interface of bimetal composite plate

Fig.16 EBSD analysis of the bimetal composite plate interface
(a) IPF
(b) grain orientation spread (GOS) map (red areas—deformed grains, yellow areas—substructure grains, blue areas—recrystallized grains)

Fig.17 Mechanical properties of bimetal composite plate
(a) tensile property (b) shear property

Fig.18 Macrostructure (a) and microstructures (b-e) of bimetal composite plate after three-point bending test
(a) macroscopic samples after three-point bending (b, d) external bending (c, e) internal bending

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