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Acta Metall Sin  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (7): 959-968    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00365
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Suppression Mechanism and Method of Vortex During Steel Teeming Process in Ladle
Qiang WANG1,2(), Lianyu WANG1,3, Hongxia LI1, Jiawei JIANG1, Xiaowei ZHU1,3, Zhancheng GUO2, Jicheng HE1
1 Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials (Ministry of Education), Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3 School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Cite this article: 

Qiang WANG, Lianyu WANG, Hongxia LI, Jiawei JIANG, Xiaowei ZHU, Zhancheng GUO, Jicheng HE. Suppression Mechanism and Method of Vortex During Steel Teeming Process in Ladle. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(7): 959-968.

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Abstract  

With the developments of science and technology, the performance of steel is required strictly and the quality of steel needs to improve continuously. In continuous casting process, there is an important flow phenomenon when the molten steel flows from ladle to tundish. It is that the rapidly rotating free surface vortex will form as the liquid level descending continuously. The surface vortex can cause the slag entrainment. In order to suppress slag entrainment by vortex during the steel teeming process, and to improve the cleanliness and quality of steel, the movement process of vortex and variation of flow field are studied through both numerical simulation and water model experiments. Since the eccentricity (eccentricity is the ratio of the nozzle distance and the ladle radius) has a large effect on the vortex formation, the vortex movement and flow field variation at different eccentricities are analyzed in details. And the mechanism of vortex suppression is found. It is that disturbing the velocity distribution of vortex formation or/and decreasing the tangential velocity value can suppress the movement and development of vortex. Thus the critical height of vortex can be decrease and the vortex can be availably suppressed. And then a method of vortex suppression is proposed according to this mechanism of vortex suppression. The method by blowing gas at the bottom of ladle is proposed. And the optimal gas flow rate and gas nozzle position are obtained.

Key words:  clean steel      steel teeming of ladle      free surface vortex      slag entrapment      suppression mechanism of vortex     
Received:  30 August 2017     
ZTFLH:  TF775  
Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.U1560207), Open Foundation of Stat Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing (No.KF12-07)

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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00365     OR     https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2018/V54/I7/959

Material Density Dynamic viscosity Surface tension Temperature
kgm-3 Pas Nm-1 K
Steel 7000 5.3×10-3 1.6 1873
Ar 0.26 8.148×10-5 - 1873
Water 1000 1.003×10-3 0.0728 293
N2 1.167 1.753×10-5 - 293
Table 1  Physical parameters of different fluids in numerical simulation and water model ladle
Fig.1  Comparison of dimple height between simulation results and water model experiment results[27](a) height for dimple formation start (Hdimple) vs initial tangential velocity (b) schematic of height for dimple formation start in the ladle
Type Top diameter of Bottom diameter of Ladle height Nozzle diameter Ladle
ladle / mm ladle / mm mm mm taper / (°)
Prototype 2166 1835 2850 54.8 3.3
Model 541.5 458.75 712.5 13.7 3.3
Table 2  Sizes of water model ladle and prototype ladle
Fig.2  Schematic of experimental apparatus (1—ladle, 2—nozzle, 3—Doppler velocimetry, 4—probe, 5—flowmeter, 6—gas tank, 7—water pump)
Fig.3  Schematics of different positions of gas nozzle(a) eccentricity is 0(b) eccentricity is 0.5
Fig.4  Contours of vorticity magnitude of different eccentricities at 0.05 m and different time (○—nozzle position) (a) eccentricity is 0 (b) eccentricity is 0.5 (c) eccentricity is 0.75
Fig.5  Tangential velocity distribution at different heights
Fig.6  Change of critical height as gas flow rate(a) eccentricity is 0(b) eccentricity is 0.5
Fig.7  Change of critical height as position of gas nozzle (a) eccentricity is 0(b) eccentricity is 0.5
Fig.8  Change of tangential velocity as height at different gas flow rates(a) eccentricity is 0 (b) eccentricity is 0.5
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