Growth Mechanism and Photocatalytic Activity of NaNbO3 with Controllable Morphology

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00216

Acta Metall Sin

2017, Vol. 53

Issue (3): 376-384 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00216

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Growth Mechanism and Photocatalytic Activity of NaNbO₃ with Controllable Morphology

Tingting ZHANG¹,Yang QI¹(

),Gang LIU²,Minghua LIU²

1 Institute of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
2 National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China

Cite this article:

Tingting ZHANG,Yang QI,Gang LIU,Minghua LIU. Growth Mechanism and Photocatalytic Activity of NaNbO₃ with Controllable Morphology. Acta Metall Sin, 2017, 53(3): 376-384.

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Abstract

Semiconductor photocatalysis for harvasting and utilizaing solar energy to solve worldwide environmental pollution and energy shortage is attracted flourishing interest. A complete understanding of structure-function relationships in well-defined model catalysts is essential to better understanding “real world” photocatalysis as well as rationally design photocatalysts. Well-defined NaNbO₃ crystals are successful synthesized via facile hydrothermal method. Systematically characterzation is performed by XRD, Raman, SEM, BET specific surface area analyzer and DRUV-Vis. The results of XRD and Raman show that the as-prepared samples are pure orthorhombic NaNbO₃ and NaNbO₃ with different morphology possess various mainly exposed facets. On the basis of statistical SEM measurements, it presents that the shape evolution of NaNbO₃ is shown to be dependent on the reaction time, from nanowires to a mixture of nanowires and microcubes, and finally to microcubes, and realized the morphology control systhesis of NaNbO₃. The possible growth mechanism is proposed combined with previous study, highlighting the crucial role of P123. The photocatalytic performance of the as-prepared NaNbO₃ crystals is assessed towards aqueous methyl bule under UV illumination, and compared with that of commercial NaNbO₃ powders. DRUV-Vis evidenced that the absorption edge of NaNbO₃ nanowires is blue shifted due to quantum size effect. The results show that the photoreactivity is morphology-dependent, with the BET specific surface area normalized reaction rate constants follow the order NaNbO₃ nanowires> NaNbO₃ microcubes > commercial NaNbO₃. The exposed facets play a crucial role in determining the observed photocatalytic activity.

Key words: NaNbO3 photocatalysis methyl blue perovskite P123

Received: 03 June 2016

Fund: Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51272048 and 51172040) and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No.N140108001)

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	Tingting ZHANG
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https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2016.00216 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2017/V53/I3/376

Fig.1 Low (a, c, e) and high (b, d, f) magnified SEM images of NaNbO₃ powders prepared at 200 ℃ with reaction times of 1.5 h (a, b), 12 h (c, d) and 24 h (e, f)

Fig.2 Distributions of average size for NaNbO₃ prepared at 200 ℃ with different reaction times
(a, b) length and width of NaNbO₃ wire with reaction time of 1.5 h
(c) length of NaNbO₃ cube with reaction time of 12 h
(d, e) length and width of NaNbO₃ wire with reaction time of 12 h
(f) length of NaNbO₃ cube with reaction time of 24 h

Fig.3 XRD spectra (a) and Raman spectra (b) of NaNbO₃ nanowires, microcubes, and commercial NaNbO₃ prepared at 200 ℃

Fig.4 TEM (a, c) and HRTEM (b, d) images of the typical NaNbO₃ nanowire (a, b) and microcube (c, d) (Insets show the SAED patterns)

Fig.5 Representative ABF image of a typical NaNbO₃ wire (a) and corresponding line profile showing the image intensity as a function of position along X-X’ in Fig.5a (b)

Fig.6 Schematic of growth mechanism of NaNbO₃

Fig.7 DRUV-vis spectra of NaNbO₃ nanowires and microcubes prepared at 200 ℃ with different reaction times and commercial NaNbO₃

Fig.8 Concentration changes of MB as a function of irradiation time on NaNbO₃ samples under UV (wavelength λ: 250~380 nm) (C—concentration of MB after light irradiation for certain time; C₀—concentration of MB before light irradiation)

Fig.9 Recycling test of NaNbO₃ nanowires in the photocatalytic degradation of MB under UV (The duration of light exposure in each cycle is 90 min)

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