水下焊接关键技术及其应用的研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00202

金属学报

2026, Vol. 62

Issue (1): 81-99 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00202

综述

本期目录 | 过刊浏览

水下焊接关键技术及其应用的研究进展

王振民¹, 庄建鹏¹, 何智宇¹, 王玉海¹, 迟鹏¹, 张斌¹, 张芩², 廖海鹏³(

)

1 华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院广州 510641
2 华南理工大学计算机科学与工程学院广州 510006
3 华南理工大学海洋科学与工程学院广州 511442

Research Advances in Underwater Welding Technologies and Applications: A Review

WANG Zhenmin¹, ZHUANG Jianpeng¹, HE Zhiyu¹, WANG Yuhai¹, CHI Peng¹, ZHANG Bin¹, ZHANG Qin², LIAO Haipeng³(

)

1 School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
2 School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
3 School of Marine Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 511442, China

引用本文:

王振民, 庄建鹏, 何智宇, 王玉海, 迟鹏, 张斌, 张芩, 廖海鹏. 水下焊接关键技术及其应用的研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(1): 81-99.
Zhenmin WANG, Jianpeng ZHUANG, Zhiyu HE, Yuhai WANG, Peng CHI, Bin ZHANG, Qin ZHANG, Haipeng LIAO. Research Advances in Underwater Welding Technologies and Applications: A Review[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026, 62(1): 81-99.

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摘要:

水下焊接技术是舰船、海工、核电等高端装备水下结构物损伤应急或永久修复的重要手段。本文从设备开发、工艺研究及工程应用三个方面介绍水下焊接技术的进展与挑战。在设备开发方面，高性能焊接电源、微型排水罩、智能送丝装置及智能焊接机器人等装备的创新有效提升了焊接质量与效率。在工艺研究方面，聚焦焊接过程动态监测，研究组织演变与力学性能并阐明热输入等参数与显微组织的关联，同时结合质量优化方法可进一步提升焊接可靠性与效率。工程应用实践表明，水下焊接在核电维修、舰船抢修及海上风电修复中展现出重要价值。未来研究需推动水下焊接技术向高可靠、高效率及自主化方向突破，为大型水下结构物修复提供关键技术支撑。

关键词 ：水下焊接, 水下结构物, 焊接设备, 工艺方法

Abstract：

Underwater welding technology plays a vital role in the emergency or permanent repair of underwater structures, particularly in high-end sectors such as shipping, offshore engineering, and nuclear power plants. This paper reviews the progress and challenges associated with underwater welding technology from three key perspectives: equipment development, process research, and engineering applications. Regarding equipment development, innovations such as high-performance welding power supplies, micro drainage hoods, intelligent wire feeding devices, and intelligent welding robots have significantly enhanced welding quality and efficiency. In terms of process research, the focus is on dynamic monitoring of the welding process, exploring microstructural evolution and mechanical properties, and clarifying the relationship between parameters such as heat input and microstructure. Combining these with quality optimisation methods can further enhance welding reliability and efficiency. Engineering application practices have demonstrated the significant value of underwater welding in nuclear power maintenance, ship repair, and offshore wind power restoration. Future research should drive underwater welding technology toward breakthroughs in high reliability, high efficiency, and autonomy, thereby providing critical technical support for the repair of large underwater structures.

Key words： underwater welding underwater structure welding equipment process method

收稿日期: 2025-07-15

ZTFLH:

TG442

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(U23A20625);国家自然科学基金项目(U2141216);国家自然科学基金项目(52375334);国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFB3407703);广东省自然科学基金项目(2023B1515250003)

通讯作者: 廖海鹏，liaohaipeng@scut.edu.cn，主要从事水下焊接装备研制与工艺优化

作者简介: 王振民，男，1974年生，教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00202 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2026/V62/I1/81

图1 1500 m深水压力舱

图2 水下湿法焊接原理图[14]

图3 局部干法焊接示意图[15]

图4 水下大功率快频脉冲焊接电源样机及相关波形图

图5 双气帘结构微型排水罩示意图[34]

图6 轻量化全密封送丝装置

图7 六自由度水下焊接机械臂实物

图8 磁吸附轮式水下焊接机器人立面焊接实验过程[45]

图9 轮式类人焊接机器人样机

图10 局部干法水下焊接过程中的电信号分析结果[54]

图11 不同脉冲峰值电流下的熔滴过渡过程以及对焊缝熔深的影响[60]

图12 不同模拟水深下焊缝金属中铁素体和奥氏体的晶粒类型[75]

图13 单/双脉冲波形对局部干法水下电弧增材制造(LDU-WAAM)沉积过程中晶粒生长的影响机制[81]

图14 不同峰值电流的焊缝成形和尺寸[60]

图15 120 m水深下焊缝宏观形貌[94]

图16 不同激光线能量下的局部干法水下激光焊件[98]

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