航空发动机热障涂层的<strong>CMAS</strong>腐蚀行为与防护方法

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00121

金属学报

2021, Vol. 57

Issue (9): 1184-1198 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00121

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航空发动机热障涂层的CMAS腐蚀行为与防护方法

郭磊¹^,²^,³(

), 高远¹, 叶福兴¹^,²^,³, 张馨木¹

^1.天津大学材料科学与工程学院天津 300072
^2.天津大学天津市现代连接技术重点实验室天津 300072
^3.天津大学先进陶瓷与加工技术教育部重点实验室天津 300072

CMAS Corrosion Behavior and Protection Method of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Aeroengine

GUO Lei¹^,²^,³(

), GAO Yuan¹, YE Fuxing¹^,²^,³, ZHANG Xinmu¹

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
^2.Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Joining Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
^3.Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

引用本文:

郭磊, 高远, 叶福兴, 张馨木. 航空发动机热障涂层的CMAS腐蚀行为与防护方法[J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57(9): 1184-1198.
Lei GUO, Yuan GAO, Fuxing YE, Xinmu ZHANG. CMAS Corrosion Behavior and Protection Method of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Aeroengine[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021, 57(9): 1184-1198.

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摘要:

热障涂层(thermal barrier coatings，TBCs)是航空发动机涡轮叶片的关键核心技术之一，可显著提高发动机工作温度，提升发动机推力和工作效率；但另一方面，更高的发动机工作温度使得叶片及其表面TBCs遭受严重的环境沉积物(主要成分为CaO、MgO、Al₂O₃和SiO₂，简称CMAS)腐蚀，造成过早失效。CMAS腐蚀已成为限制TBCs工作温度和服役寿命的难题，抗腐蚀防护是目前TBCs领域研究的重点。本文首先综述了学者们对TBCs CMAS腐蚀问题的认识历程以及CMAS本身特性，再简述了TBCs的CMAS腐蚀机理，重点从TBCs的表面防护层设计、涂层成分改性、新型抗腐蚀涂层材料开发以及涂层结构设计等方面阐述了国际上目前TBCs的抗CMAS腐蚀防护方法，最后对TBCs的超高温环境应用及腐蚀防护发展方向进行了展望。

关键词 ：燃气涡轮发动机, 热障涂层, CMAS腐蚀, 失效机理, 防护方法

Abstract：

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is a core aero-engine turbine blade technology, which can significantly increase an engine's operating temperature, thrust, and working efficiency. Moreover, high-engine operating temperatures make aero-engine turbine blades and their TBCs suffer from severe corrosion of environmental deposits (the main components are CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, and SiO₂, together referred to as CMAS), causing premature failure. CMAS corrosion has become a key issue that limits the service temperature and lifetimes of TBCs, and its protection has been a research hotspot. In this paper, first, the scholars' understanding of CMAS corrosion to TBCs and the characteristics of CMAS were reviewed. Then, CMAS corrosion mechanisms for TBCs were briefly described. The protection methods of TBCs from CMAS corrosion were elaborated from the aspects of TBC's surface protection layer design, coating component modification, new CMAS-resistant coating materials development, and coating microstructure design. Finally, the application of TBCs in ultrahigh temperature environments and the development direction of corrosion protection were forecasted.

Key words： gas turbine engine thermal barrier coating CMAS corrosion failure mechanism protection method

收稿日期: 2021-03-24

ZTFLH:

TG174.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(51971156)

作者简介: 郭磊，男，1986年生，副教授，博士

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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00121 或 https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2021/V57/I9/1184

图1 不同制备方法的氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆(YSZ)涂层截面微观结构[34]

图2 高温下CMAS (CaO、MgO、Al2O3和SiO2)对热障涂层(TBCs)的破坏[13,43]

图3 CMAS作用下1250℃热处理4 h后镀Pt YSZ涂层的截面微观结构和Si元素EDS结果[54](a) Pt film covered region (b) EDS Si mapping result of Fig.3a(c) discontinuous Pt film covered region (d) EDS Si mapping result of Fig.3c

图4 热处理后Ti2AlC的截面和元素的EDS结果[72]

图5 LaPO4/YSZ涂层在1250℃下CMAS腐蚀2和10 h后的截面微观形貌[95]

图6 激光改性涂层后单层断面形貌和双层的表面及断面形貌(a, b) single layer fracture cross-sections (c, d) double layer surfaces (e, f) double layer fracture cross-sections

图7 激光处理后的涂层在1250℃下CMAS腐蚀0.5 h截面和断面形貌，以及腐蚀4 h的截面形貌[43](a) cross-sectional image (b) fracture cross-sectional image (c, d) low and high magnified images of sample, respectively

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