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金属学报  2025, Vol. 61 Issue (9): 1413-1424    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00473
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
Mo含量对CrAlMoN涂层微观结构、力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响
毕健浩男1, 张艳2, 王振玉2(), 周晟昊2, 刘永跃3, 张小岩4, 汪爱英2
1 浙江工业大学 化学工程学院 杭州 310014
2 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 海洋关键材料全国重点实验室 全省极端环境材料表面与界面重点实验室 宁波 315201
3 宁波合力科技股份有限公司 宁波 315799
4 宁波大榭开发区天正模具有限公司 宁波 315812
Effect of Mo Content on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of CrAlMoN Coatings
BI Jianhaonan1, ZHANG Yan2, WANG Zhenyu2(), ZHOU Shenghao2, LIU Yongyue3, ZHANG Xiaoyan4, WANG Aiying2
1 College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
2 State Key Laboratory of Advanced Marine Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Extreme-environmental Material Surfaces and Interfaces, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
3 Ningbo Heli Mould Technology Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315799, China
4 Ningbo Tianzheng Mould Co. Ltd., Ningbo 315812, China
引用本文:

毕健浩男, 张艳, 王振玉, 周晟昊, 刘永跃, 张小岩, 汪爱英. Mo含量对CrAlMoN涂层微观结构、力学性能及摩擦学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(9): 1413-1424.
Jianhaonan BI, Yan ZHANG, Zhenyu WANG, Shenghao ZHOU, Yongyue LIU, Xiaoyan ZHANG, Aiying WANG. Effect of Mo Content on the Microstructure, Mechanical and Tribological Properties of CrAlMoN Coatings[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(9): 1413-1424.

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摘要: 

CrAlN涂层因具有硬度高、热稳定性和抗氧化性能良好等特点,在模具防护方向备受关注。然而,在铝合金压铸和热冲压模具严苛工况下,涂层的摩擦系数高、抗冲击韧性差,从而严重限制了其应用。本工作基于多元合金设计与高通量制备思路,采用受控阴极真空电弧复合技术在H13钢材基底表面制备了CrAlMoN涂层,研究了Mo含量对涂层的微观结构、力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。利用XRD、SEM、EDS和SEM表征了涂层的相结构、表/截面形貌及元素分布,利用划痕仪和纳米压痕仪分析了涂层的硬度、膜基结合力和韧性等力学性能,利用摩擦试验机研究了涂层在大气环境下的摩擦学性能。结果表明,当Mo的原子分数从0.72%增加到19.47%时,掺杂Mo主要以固溶形式存在于(Cr, Al)N晶体结构中且伴有少量Mo2N相生成。其中,当Mo含量为2.55%时,涂层的硬度和弹性模量最高,分别为(38.7 ± 1.3)和(580.9 ± 11.1) GPa,且涂层抗裂纹产生及扩展能力强,呈现高强韧特征。由于Mo掺杂利于生成Magnéli相氧化物MoO3,涂层耐摩擦性能优异,摩擦系数和磨损率分别在0.32~0.51和(5.90~10.88) × 10-7 mm3/(N·m)之间。当Mo含量达到19.47%时,涂层的摩擦系数最低(0.31),磨损率为5.90 × 10-7 mm3/(N·m)。微结构分析表明,涂层磨损失效主要源于磨粒磨损、氧化磨损与局域点状剥落。

关键词 CrAlMoN固溶涂层高通量制备高强韧Magnéli润滑相耐磨损性能    
Abstract

CrAlN coatings have garnered significant attention in the fields of cutting tools and plastic injection molds because of their high hardness, excellent thermal stability, and superior oxidation resistance. However, their applicability under the harsh conditions of aluminum alloy die casting and hot stamping dies is curtailed by the coatings' high coefficient of friction and limited impact toughness. By adopting a multiple alloying and high-throughput approach, this study focuses on the fabrication of CrAlMoN solid solution coatings with varying Mo contents on H13 steel substrates using arc ion plating technology. The effects of Mo content on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings were thoroughly examined. Characterization techniques such as XRD, SEM, and EDS were employed to analyze the phase structures, surface cross-sectional morphology, and elemental distribution of the coatings. Mechanical properties, including hardness, film-base adhesion, and toughness, were assessed using a CMS scratch tester and a nanoindentation tester. The friction properties were evaluated using a tribometer in an atmospheric environment. The findings indicate that increasing the Mo content (atomic fraction) from 0.72% to 19.47% resulted in the incorporation of Mo atoms into the (Cr, Al)N lattice, forming a typical solid solution coating with a minor presence of Mo2N crystal phases. Notably, at a Mo content of approximately 2.55%, the coatings achieved peak hardness (38.7 ± 1.3) GPa and elastic modulus (580.9 ± 11.1) GPa, along with enhanced toughness due to improved crack resistance. Tribological experiments demonstrated remarkable wear resistance at 25 oC, with a coefficient of friction (COF) ranging from 0.32 to 0.51 and wear rates of (5.90-10.88) × 10-7 mm3/(N·m). The low COF and wear rates are attributed to the formation of Magnéli-phase oxide MoO3, which facilitates low shear during friction. A further increase in the Mo content to 19.47% led to even better tribological properties, as indicated by the lowest observed COF of 0.31 and a wear rate of 5.90 × 10-7 mm3/(N·m). The microstructural analysis revealed that the accumulation of MoO3 phases during friction contributed to the coatings' tribological performance, with wear primarily resulting from the combined effects of abrasive wear and severe oxidation, accompanied by minor pitting delamination from the substrates.

Key wordsCrAlMoN soild solution coating    high-throughput preparation    hard yet tough    Magnéli lubrication phase    wear resistance
收稿日期: 2023-12-11     
ZTFLH:  TG174.4  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(52171090);国家杰出青年科学基金项目(52025014);宁波市科技计划项目(2022Z011);宁波市科技计划项目(2023QL049);宁波市科技计划项目(2023Z022)
通讯作者: 王振玉,wangzy@nimte.ac.cn,主要从事金属表面强化防护涂层材料研究
Corresponding author: WANG Zhenyu, professor, Tel: (0574)86697187, E-mail: wangzy@nimte.ac.cn
作者简介: 毕健浩男,男,1999年生,硕士
图1  设备示意图
SampleDC pulsed bias / VN2 flow rate mL·min-1Target current / A

Deposition time

min

CrCrAlCrCrMo
Ar+ etching-2000000025
Cr adhesive layer-300070070010
CrN transition layer-7055070070020
CrAlMoN layer-706500800100120
表1  CrAlMoN涂层的详细沉积参数
SampleAtomic fraction / %

Thickness

μm

Roughness

μm

CrAlMoN
A122.28 ± 0.0136.76 ± 0.250.72 ± 0.0237.48 ± 0.249.320.150 ± 0.044
A222.74 ± 0.1236.18 ± 0.221.21 ± 0.0337.39 ± 0.227.150.219 ± 0.010
A323.42 ± 0.2534.15 ± 0.322.55 ± 0.0336.71 ± 0.306.350.137 ± 0.024
A426.89 ± 0.2827.53 ± 0.166.38 ± 0.2233.90 ± 0.176.010.080 ± 0.029
C138.40 ± 0.578.64 ± 0.0916.50 ± 0.3125.14 ± 0.416.160.200 ± 0.043
C244.73 ± 0.841.04 ± 0.0419.47 ± 0.3420.51 ± 0.348.860.082 ± 0.005
表2  不同位置CrAlMoN涂层的化学组成、厚度和表面粗糙度
图2  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层表面和截面形貌的SEM像
图3  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层的XRD谱
图4  A3涂层的STEM像(插图为亮层和暗层的EDS结果)及其Mo元素面扫描分布图
图5  A3涂层和C2涂层截面的相组织和微观结构表征
图6  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层的硬度和弹性模量对比
图7  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层的纳米压痕形貌
图8  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层的划痕形貌及相应的裂纹扩展的放大图
图9  大气环境下CrAlMoN涂层相对Al2O3球滑动时的摩擦学性能
图10  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层的磨痕形貌及对应的Al2O3摩擦副的磨斑形貌
图11  不同组分CrAlMoN涂层磨痕处的Raman光谱、A3涂层磨痕的SEM像和相应的EDS成分面分布图
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