零热膨胀金属材料研究进展

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00264

金属学报

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (6): 809-825 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00264

综述

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零热膨胀金属材料研究进展

宋玉柱¹(

), 张济民¹, 周畅², 施耐克¹, 陈骏¹(

)

1 北京科技大学物理化学系北京 100083
2 北京科技大学新金属材料国家重点实验室北京 100083

Research Progress on Zero Thermal Expansion Metallic Materials

SONG Yuzhu¹(

), ZHANG Jimin¹, ZHOU Chang², SHI Naike¹, CHEN Jun¹(

)

1 Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

引用本文:

宋玉柱, 张济民, 周畅, 施耐克, 陈骏. 零热膨胀金属材料研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2025, 61(6): 809-825.
Yuzhu SONG, Jimin ZHANG, Chang ZHOU, Naike SHI, Jun CHEN. Research Progress on Zero Thermal Expansion Metallic Materials[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(6): 809-825.

全文: PDF(3675 KB) HTML

摘要:

随着科技的进步，人们对太空、海洋和地下资源的探索不断深化，需要在极端条件下运行的设备日益增多，对材料的热膨胀性能调控要求也越来越高。零热膨胀金属材料的尺寸在温度变化的环境中依然能够保持不变，这一特殊功能对于需要高精密、高稳定性的器件来说具有重要应用价值。本文总结了因瓦(Invar)合金被发现100多年以来的零热膨胀金属材料的研究进展，从零热膨胀金属材料的定义、分类、发展历程进行综述，介绍了诱导金属材料零热膨胀的几种主要机制，同时列举了几类零热膨胀性能优异且应用价值高的金属材料，并对不同类型金属材料的晶体结构、零热膨胀性能和热膨胀调控方法等进行了阐述，讨论了磁性、相转变与热膨胀性能之间的耦合关系。最后对零热膨胀金属材料未来发展趋势进行了展望。

关键词 ：零热膨胀, 低热膨胀合金, 金属功能材料, 热膨胀调控

Abstract：

With the advancement of technology, the exploration of space, oceans, and underground resources continues to deepen. An ever-increasing demand for devices that operate under extreme conditions propels the need for the precise control of the thermal expansion properties of the materials used. Zero thermal expansion metals exhibit constant dimensions despite temperature variations, a unique feature that imparts these metals a significant application value in high-precision and high-stability devices. This article summarizes the research progress on zero thermal expansion metals since the discovery of Invar alloy over a century ago. It provides an overview of the definition, classification, and historical development of zero thermal expansion metals. Furthermore, this article introduces several main mechanisms inducing zero thermal expansion in metals and highlights several categories of metals with excellent zero thermal expansion properties and high application value. Moreover, it discusses the crystal structures, zero thermal expansion properties, and methods for controlling the thermal expansion properties of different types of metals. The coupling relationship between the magnetism, phase transitions, and thermal expansion properties is explored. Finally, the article provides a perspective on future trends in the development of zero thermal expansion metals.

Key words： zero thermal expansion low thermal expansion alloy functional metallic material thermal expansion control

收稿日期: 2024-07-31

ZTFLH:

O482.2

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFE0109100);国家自然科学基金项目(22275014);国家自然科学基金项目(12104038);北京高等学校卓越青年科学家计划项目(JWZQ20240101015)

通讯作者: 宋玉柱，yuzhusong@ustb.edu.cn，主要从事低膨胀合金和磁性材料研究；
陈骏，junchen@ustb.edu.cn，主要从事磁电热固体功能材料结构、性能及产业化应用研究

Corresponding author: SONG Yuzhu, associate professor, Tel: (010)62332265, E-mail: yuzhusong@ustb.edu.cn;
CHEN Jun, professor, Tel: (010)62332265, E-mail: junchen@ustb.edu.cn

作者简介: 宋玉柱，男，1990年生，副教授，博士

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图1 金属材料的零热膨胀：来源于晶格振动对体积正的贡献(ΔV2)与磁体积效应、马氏体相变或价态转变对体积负的贡献(ΔV1)相互抵消的结果

图2 铁磁有序磁结构逐渐转变为无序顺磁结构时Invar合金体积逐渐缩小的过程[9]

表1 零热膨胀金属材料的热膨胀数据[14~46]

图3 不同金属材料零膨胀温区对比

图4 Invar合金的热膨胀、磁结构以及热力学模拟分析[48]

图5 AFe2 (A = Zr、Nb、Hf、Ta、Sc和Ti)体系零热膨胀性能[18,19,21,22,24,26]

图6 RCo2 (R = Tb、Gd和Dy)体系的磁结构、晶体结构以及热膨胀调控[28,29]

图7 La(Fe, M)13 (M = Si, Al)型金属材料热膨胀性能及宏观磁性[31,32]

图8 Ho2(Fe, Co)17的热膨胀性能以及热膨胀调控机制[34]

图9 钛基形状记忆合金各向异性热膨胀以及循环性能[40~42]

图10 xLFCS/Cu金属基复合材料的多组分增强体设计以及热膨胀性能[43]

图11 不同双相合金体系的热膨胀调控[14~16,45,94]

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