胡兴益, 侯自勇, 杨何, 王盼盼, 程金骏, 张玲, 范国华, 黄晓旭. 3.2 GPa 304不锈钢微丝冷拔组织演变规律与马氏体变体选择[J]. 金属学报, DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2026.00049.

摘要 相关文章 Metrics 全文: PDF(2442 KB)   摘要: 超高强奥氏体不锈钢微丝是光伏电池丝网印刷的核心材料，其性能取决于冷拉拔过程中超大塑性变形引起的组织演变。然而，在超大塑性变形冷拉拔过程中，微丝的微观组织演变复杂，对其强-塑性协同影响的内在机制尚不完全清晰。本工作以304不锈钢为研究对象，通过多尺度表征(XRD、EBSD/TKD、TEM)，系统研究其直径从100.0 μm冷拉拔至10.0 μm (真应变(ε)从0到4.61)过程中的微观组织演变、形变诱导γ→α¢马氏体相变及晶体取向演变规律，旨在阐明超大塑性变形条件下的形变机制演化规律及其对强-塑性协同的作用机制，为超高强金属微丝的组织调控与性能优化提供理论依据。结果表明，随ε增加，材料经历“位错滑移→形变孪晶协同→马氏体相变→纳米晶形变”的阶段性演变。当ε = 1.93时，奥氏体基本转变为马氏体，形成沿拉拔方向的板条状组织，马氏体变体从初始择优选择(Bain 3组主导)转向多变体协同(Bain 1/Bain 2/密排面平行组均衡分布)；当ε = 4.61时，组织细化为尺寸为(26.9 ± 10.1) nm的板条马氏体，形成强bcc结构<110>//拉拔方向的丝织构，取向演变由马氏体自身塑性变形与晶格旋转主导。力学测试结果表明，直径10 μm的冷拉拔微丝抗拉强度达(3199 ± 19) MPa，其超高强度源于形变诱导马氏体相变、纳米级晶粒细化及高位错密度的协同强化作用。 关键词 ： 奥氏体不锈钢微丝,  冷拉拔,  形变诱导马氏体相变,  变体选择,  织构,  力学性能     Abstract：Ultrahigh-strength austenitic stainless steel ultrafine wires are critical materials in next-generation photovoltaic technologies, particularly in screen-printing electrodes requiring a synergistic balance of high strength and adequate ductility to support the mechanical demands of advanced manufacturing and the functional requirements of device performance. However, the underlying mechanisms of microstructural evolution and their direct link to the exceptional mechanical properties achieved via severe plastic deformation are incompletely understood. Specifically, the intricate interplay between dislocation slip, deformation twinning, and martensitic transformation, and how these deformation mechanisms drive the microscale development of crystallographic texture and hierarchical nanostructures, have not been comprehensively characterized, especially under extreme processing conditions. Herein, we comprehensively evaluate the microstructural evolution of 304 austenitic stainless steel ultrafine wires subjected to systematic cold drawing from an initial diameter of 100 μm to a final diameter of 10 μm, corresponding to true strains from 0 to 4.61. At each deformation stage, the wires are characterized using XRD, EBSD, transmission Kikuchi diffraction, and TEM. Through tensile tests and fractographic analysis, we systematically correlate the mechanical properties with the microstructural features, establishing a direct link between processing, microstructure, and performance. Integrated multiscale analysis reveals a clearly defined hierarchical pathway of microstructural transformation under extreme deformation: pervasive dislocation slip, followed by activation of deformation twinning that subsequently progresses to nucleation and rapid growth of strain-induced martensite. At an intermediate true strain (ε = 1.93), the austenite matrix is almost completely transformed into lath martensite; meanwhile, the martensite variant selection evolves significantly from Bain3 dominance to a complex, multivariant distribution of Bain1, Bain2, and close-packed plane parallel orientations. At the highest strain (ε = 4.61), the microstructure exhibits ultrafine lath martensite grains with average widths of 26.9 ± 10.1 nm and a sharp body-centered cubic <110> texture aligned with the drawing direction. This extreme refinement is further characterized by substantial lattice rotation and reorientation processes, driven by continued martensite plasticity and high defect density. Importantly, these multiscale microstructural transformations culminate in extraordinary mechanical properties. The processed 10-μm-diameter ultrafine wires reach an ultimate tensile strength of 3199 ± 19 MPa while maintaining sufficient ductility for processing, manufacturing, and integration into photovoltaic modules. This extended analysis elucidates the synergistic strengthening contributions of deformation-induced martensitic transformation, progressive nanoscale grain refinement, and sustained high dislocation density, providing a comprehensive mechanistic framework for understanding and optimizing the performance of ultrafine austenitic stainless steel wires. These findings not only advance fundamental knowledge of hierarchical microstructure development under severe plastic deformation but also establish clear design principles for next-generation high-performance materials in photovoltaics and beyond. Key words： austenitic stainless steel wire    cold drawing    deformation-induced martensitic transformation    variant selection    texture    mechanical properties 收稿日期: 2026-02-09      基金资助:国家重点研发计划 服务 把本文推荐给朋友 加入引用管理器 E-mail Alert RSS 作者相关文章 胡兴益 侯自勇 杨何 王盼盼 程金骏 张玲 范国华 黄晓旭 44.8K 链接本文: https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y0/V/I/0 [1] 王彬, 赵鹏, 刘家伟, 张春波, 秦志伟, 董红刚, 李鹏. 热处理对FGH96高温合金惯性摩擦焊接头微观组织演变及力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(6): 1043-1058. [2] 吴帆, 刘华辉, 边文珊, 蔡竣宇, 金士杰, 罗忠兵. TC4钛合金循环变形微观组织演化与滑移机制[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(6): 1082-1090. [3] 许鼎锋, 韩飞扬, 姜琦成, 王欢, 尚利媛, 卢一平. AlCrFeCoNi低膨胀合金的成分设计及组织和性能优化[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(6): 1021-1031. [4] 吕昭平, 申耀祖, 王先珍, 陈强, 唐建国, 张晓宾, 于勇, 蒋虽合, 刘雄军, 王辉, 吴渊. 面向极端服役条件的高熵合金结构材料：性能优势、瓶颈与突破路径[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(5): 743-755. [5] 郑玉峰, 谌雨农. 纯Mo及钼基可降解金属材料的研究现状与发展趋势[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(5): 905-922. [6] 陈光, 陈奉锐, 朱德民, 李贵忠, 李罗, 宋伟东, 王子特, 相恒高, 陈旸, 祁志祥. 聚片孪生功能基元序构的高性能TiAl合金[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(4): 541-549. [7] 常松涛, 张芳, 沙玉辉, 左良. 晶界偏聚元素Sb作用下无取向硅钢织构的空间分布与演变机制[J]. 金属学报, 2026, 62(4): 627-635. 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