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金属学报  2015, Vol. 51 Issue (6): 753-761    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00631
  论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 |
激光立体成形零件竖直外侧壁向内倾斜的形成及模型*
宋梦华,林鑫,刘丰刚,杨海欧,黄卫东()
西北工业大学凝固技术国家重点实验室, 西安 710072
FORMATION AND MODELING OF VERTICAL OUTSIDE WALL OF COMPOENTS INCLINING INWARD IN LASER SOLID FORMING
Menghua SONG,Xin LIN,Fenggang LIU,Haiou YANG,Weidong HUANG()
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072
引用本文:

宋梦华, 林鑫, 刘丰刚, 杨海欧, 黄卫东. 激光立体成形零件竖直外侧壁向内倾斜的形成及模型*[J]. 金属学报, 2015, 51(6): 753-761.
Menghua SONG, Xin LIN, Fenggang LIU, Haiou YANG, Weidong HUANG. FORMATION AND MODELING OF VERTICAL OUTSIDE WALL OF COMPOENTS INCLINING INWARD IN LASER SOLID FORMING[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2015, 51(6): 753-761.

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摘要: 

采用激光立体成形制备了层数逐渐增加的块状试样, 分析了零件竖直外侧壁向内倾斜的原因. 基于利用粉末累积高度重构单道熔覆层横截面轮廓的方法, 构建了描述竖直外侧壁轮廓逐层演化的分析模型. 利用该模型重构了不同单道熔覆层宽高比和激光束有效作用范围下的竖直外侧壁轮廓, 并分析了2者的影响. 结果表明, 逐层叠加过程中, 已沉积的熔覆层将影响之后熔覆层的形成; 由于单道熔覆层的横截面为弧形, 其与激光束相交形成的边界熔池将向零件内部收缩, 从而引起边界单道熔覆层向内收缩及竖直外侧壁向内侧倾斜; 随沉积高度增加, 倾斜程度减小并趋于消失. 初始单道熔覆层宽度一定时, 减小激光束有效作用范围有利于外侧壁趋于竖直但却增大其偏离量; 单道熔覆层宽高比对外侧壁的影响几乎可以忽略.

关键词 激光立体成形竖直外侧壁向内倾斜分析模型    
Abstract

The vertical outside wall is prone to incline inward in laser solid forming, which will deteriorate the dimension precision and processing stability. For solving this problem, samples with different amount of deposited layers were prepared and the variation of boundary single-track clad shape and formation of vertical outside wall inclining inward were investigated. Based on the method of constructing cross-section profile of the single-track clad by height of powders accumulated in molten pool, an analytical model was developed to describe the evolution of vertical outside wall during multilayer superimposition. A series of vertical outside walls under different width/height ratios and critical defocus distance were constructed with this model to investigate their influence. Results indicate that the deposited single-track clad will influence the formation of single-track clad under depositing. Due to the arc-like cross-section profile of single-track clad, the molten pool will shrink inward, which leads the outer edge of boundary single-track clad to shrink inward then the vertical outside wall to incline inward. However, this incline will decrease with the increase of deposited height. For the initial single-track clad with fixed width, decreasing critical defocus distance can decrease the inward incline but increase the offset from the preset dimension. The width/height ratio almost has no effect on outside wall.

Key wordslaser solid forming    vertical outside wall    inward incline    analytical model
    
基金资助:*国家自然科学基金项目51323008, 国家重点基础研究发展计划项目2011CB610402, 国家高技术研究发展计划项目2013AA031103和凝固技术国家重点实验室自主研究课题项目91-QZ-2014资助
图1  激光立体成形制备试样的预设形状及竖直外侧壁示意图
图2  不同层数激光立体成形2Cr13不锈钢的外侧壁轮廓
图3  不同层数2Cr13不锈钢顶部边界单道熔覆层横截面轮廓
图4  逐层叠加过程中已沉积边界单道熔覆层对之后熔覆层形状影响的示意图
图5  坐标系及激光束形状示意图
r / mm cot b H / mm R Amount of deposited layer Height / mm
1.5 150 0.3 3 20 20.00
0.5 5 33 19.80
0.9 7 46 19.71
表1  外侧壁轮廓重构参数
图6  外侧壁轮廓重构结果
图7  层间夹角a及尺寸偏离量Δf定义示意图
图8  层间夹角随层数和沉积高度的变化
图9  外侧壁偏离预设位置随层数和沉积高度的变化
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