Effect of Grain Boundary Carbide and Dynamic Recrystalli-zation on the High-Temperature Plasticity of Columnar-Grain Solidified Microstructure in 690 Alloy
Received date: 2024-05-13
Revised date: 2024-07-01
Online published: 2024-09-25
690 alloy, an austenitic nickel-based corrosion-resistant alloy, is widely regarded as an ideal material for steam generator tubing in nuclear power plants. Its superior resistance to stress corrosion cracking, excellent workability, and simple composition make it highly suitable for this application. In China, the domestic production of Alloy 690 tubes involves creating master alloy ingots through a combined melting process, utilizing vacuum induction melting and electro-slag remelting (ESR). To meet the requirements for product quantity and quality stability, typically, the master alloy ingots weigh at least 3 t. During the ESR process, the ingot solidifies progressively in a water-cooled copper mold, resulting in a coarse columnar-grain structure. This solidification structure optimizes the ingot's microstructure and minimizes element segregation. However, it also produces numerous straight grain boundaries, complicating the subsequent cogging of the ingot. This study aims to understand the deformation characteristics of 690 alloy ESR ingots and enhance their forging quality. The high-temperature plasticity of columnar-grain 690 alloy was investigated using Gleeble and conventional tensile testing machines. Results indicate that the plasticity of 690 alloy columnar-grain samples decreases considerably around 1050-1100 oC. Within this low plasticity range, extensive cracking along grain boundaries occurs, leading to intergranular brittle fracture. Above 1100 oC, M23C6 carbides along the grain boundaries dissolve extensively, reducing the stability of the grain boundaries and their resistance to sliding. For 690 alloy columnar-grain samples, poor deformation coordination among grains result in severe local plastic deformation along the grain boundaries. This promote the formation of cavities and cracks, thereby deteriorating the alloy's high-temperature tensile properties. At 1150 oC and higher temperatures, dynamic recrystallization in 690 alloy is significantly enhanced, which effectively restricts the propagation of intergranular cracks and improves the material's uniform deformation capability.
ZHAO Xia , WANG Min , HAO Xianchao , ZHANG Long , GAO Ming , MA Yingche , LIU Kui . Effect of Grain Boundary Carbide and Dynamic Recrystalli-zation on the High-Temperature Plasticity of Columnar-Grain Solidified Microstructure in 690 Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2026 , 62(2) : 339 -350 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00157
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