Properties of CrMoTi Medimum-Entropy Alloy and Its In Situ Alloying Additive Manufacturing
Received date: 2021-01-18
Revised date: 2021-04-30
Online published: 2021-08-23
Supported by
Research and Development Program Project in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2019B010943001);Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ20180504165824643);Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(JCYJ-20170817111811303)
This study verifies the body-centered cubic (bcc) formability of CrMoTi medium-entropy alloy (MEA) as a potential mold material via theoretical calculations based on the concepts of multiprincipal element alloys and practical experiments employing arc melting and additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. The hardness and thermal properties of arc-melted CrMoTi MEA were tested at room and elevated temperatures. At room temperature, the alloy possesses a hardness of 520.6 HV0.3, thermal capacity of 371 J/(kg·K), and heat conductivity of 14.0 W/(m·K). Its hardness drops to 356.0 HV0.3 at 600oC, and its thermal capacity and heat conductivity increase to 446 J/(kg·K) and 28.4 W/(m·K), respectively, at 709oC, exhibiting the characteristic of semimetals. AM techniques are efficient for fabricating highly customized molds and have been widely used. Moreover, in situ alloying can further improve the compositional flexibility in the AM process. The in situ alloying printability of two AM techniques, i.e., direct laser deposition (DLD) and selective laser melting (SLM), was investigated using a blend of elemental powders. The best densification within the AM approaches (7.46 g/cm3) is achieved using DLD, and the microhardness of DLDed samples reaches 634.6 HV0.3. Conversely, the printability of SLM is relatively restricted. The optimal density and microhardness of the SLMed sample are 7.27 g/cm3 and 605.9 HV0.3, respectively, which are lower than those of the DLDed samples. In the DLDed samples, the large melt pool can homogenize most elements but with a Cr burning loss. Mo melts insufficiently during the SLM process and remains a partially melted powder in as-built samples. Moreover, cracking is already inevitable in SLMed samples, indicating that homogenization can hardly be improved by applying excessive energy input. As a brittle bcc alloy, its matrix tends to fail under the thermal stress of the heat accumulation in the AM process. Furthermore, the phase transformation in a small melt pool also intrinsically harms printability for in situ alloying studies through AM. Results from this study reveal that DLD possesses advantages over SLM for the in situ alloying of brittle materials like CrMoTi MEA. Combining elements with adequate overlapping of the liquid zone could be essential for superior printability of AM in situ alloying, especially with a high ratio of introduced elements.
Guang LIU , Peng CHEN , Xiyu YAO , Pu CHEN , Xingchen LIU , Chaoyang LIU , Ming YAN . Properties of CrMoTi Medimum-Entropy Alloy and Its In Situ Alloying Additive Manufacturing[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022 , 58(8) : 1055 -1064 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00030
| 1 | Yeh J W, Chen S K, Lin S J, et al. Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes [J]. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6: 299 |
| 2 | Cheng K H, Lai C H, Lin S J, et al. Recent progress in multi-element alloy and nitride coatings sputtered from high-entropy alloy targets [J]. Ann. Chim. Sci. Mat., 2006, 31: 723 |
| 3 | Cantor B, Chang I T H, Knight P, et al. Microstructural development in equiatomic multicomponent alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2004, A375-377: 213 |
| 4 | Zhang Y, Zuo T T, Tang Z, et al. Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys [J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2014, 61: 1 |
| 5 | Miracle D B, Senkov O N. A critical review of high entropy alloys and related concepts [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 122: 448 |
| 6 | DebRoy T, Wei H L, Zuback J S, et al. Additive manufacturing of metallic components—Process, structure and properties [J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2018, 92: 112 |
| 7 | Zhang D Y, Sun S J, Qiu D, et al. Metal alloys for fusion-based additive manufacturing [J]. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2018, 20: 1700952 |
| 8 | Liu G, Zhou S Y, Yang H W, et al. 3D printed CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy: Microstructure and mechanical properties at room and cryogenic temperatures [J]. Mater. Rep., 2020, 34(6): 11076 |
| 8 | 刘 广, 周溯源, 杨海威 等. 3D打印CoCrFeMnNi高熵合金的微观组织、室温及低温力学性能 [J]. 材料导报, 2020, 34(6): 11076 |
| 9 | Li R D, Niu P D, Yuan T C, et al. Selective laser melting of an equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy: Processability, non-equilibrium microstructure and mechanical property [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 746: 125 |
| 10 | Brif Y, Thomas M, Todd I. The use of high-entropy alloys in additive manufacturing [J]. Scr. Mater., 2015, 99: 93 |
| 11 | Joseph J, Jarvis T, Wu X H, et al. Comparative study of the microstructures and mechanical properties of direct laser fabricated and arc-melted Al x CoCrFeNi high entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A633: 184 |
| 12 | Popov V V, Katz-Demyanetz A, Koptyug A, et al. Selective electron beam melting of Al0.5CrMoNbTa0.5 high entropy alloys using elemental powder blend [J]. Heliyon, 2019, 5: e01188 |
| 13 | Guo S, Ng C, Lu J, et al. Effect of valence electron concentration on stability of fcc or bcc phase in high entropy alloys [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2011, 109: 103505 |
| 14 | Yang X, Zhang Y. Prediction of high-entropy stabilized solid-solution in multi-component alloys [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2012, 132: 233 |
| 15 | Yao H W, Qiao J W, Gao M C, et al. MoNbTaV medium-entropy alloy [J]. Entropy, 2016, 18: 189 |
| 16 | Takeuchi A, Inoue A. Calculations of mixing enthalpy and mismatch entropy for ternary amorphous alloys [J]. Mater. Trans., JIM, 2000, 41: 1372 |
| 17 | Takeuchi A, Inoue A. Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size difference, heat of mixing and period of constituent elements and its application to characterization of the main alloying element [J]. Mater. Trans., JIM, 2005, 46: 2817 |
| 18 | Troparevsky M C, Morris J R, Kent P R C, et al. Criteria for predicting the formation of single-phase high-entropy alloys [J]. Phys. Rev., 2015, 5X: 011041 |
| 19 | Ye Y F, Wang Q, Lu J, et al. High-entropy alloy: Challenges and prospects [J]. Mater. Today, 2016, 19: 349 |
| 20 | Yu C F, Zhao C C, Zhang Z F, et al. Tensile properties of selective laser melted 316L stainless steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2020, 56: 683 |
| 20 | 余晨帆, 赵聪聪, 张哲峰 等. 选区激光熔化316L不锈钢的拉伸性能 [J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56: 683 |
| 21 | Kubo K, Itoh H, Takahashi T, et al. Hydrogen absorbing properties and structures of Ti-Cr-Mo alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2003, 356-357: 452 |
| 22 | Liu G. Prepare CrMoTi medium-entropy mold alloy by laser-based 3D printing [D]. Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2020 |
| 22 | 刘 广. 激光3D打印制备模具材料CrMoTi中熵合金 [D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2020 |
| 23 | Zhu B D, Peng Y Z, Tao Z Y, et al. Study on Co-base alloy laser-cladding of die steel H13 [J]. Spec. Steel, 1994, 15(5): 38 |
| 23 | 朱蓓蒂, 彭英姿, 陶曾毅 等. H13模具钢表面激光熔覆钴基合金的研究 [J]. 特殊钢, 1994, 15(5): 38 |
| 24 | Senkov O N, Wilks G B, Scott J M, et al. Mechanical properties of Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 and V20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20 refractory high entropy alloys [J]. Intermetallics, 2011, 19: 698 |
| 25 | Džugan J, Halmešová K, Ackermann M, et al. Thermo-physical properties investigation in relation to deposition orientation for SLM deposited H13 steel [J]. Thermochim. Acta, 2020, 683: 178479 |
| 26 | Chou H P, Chang Y S, Chen S K, et al. Microstructure, thermophysical and electrical properties in Al x CoCrFeNi (0 ≤ x ≤2) high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2009, B163: 184 |
| 27 | Karlsson D, Marshal A, Johansson F, et al. Elemental segregation in an AlCoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy—A comparison between selective laser melting and induction melting [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 784: 195 |
| 28 | Chen P, Yang C, Li S, et al. In-situ alloyed, oxide-dispersion-strengthened CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy fabricated via laser powder bed fusion [J]. Mater. Des., 2020, 194: 108966 |
| 29 | Tang R Z, Tian R Z. Binary Alloy Phase Digram and Crystal Structure of Intermediate Phase [M]. Changsha: Central South University Press, 2009: 399 |
| 29 | 唐仁政, 田荣璋. 二元合金相图及中间相晶体结构 [M]. 长沙: 中南大学出版社, 2009: 399 |
| 30 | Johnson L, Mahmoudi M, Zhang B, et al. Assessing printability maps in additive manufacturing of metal alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 176: 199 |
| 31 | Hooper P A. Melt pool temperature and cooling rates in laser powder bed fusion [J]. Addit. Manuf., 2018, 22: 548 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |