大型复杂锻件成型通常依赖多道次累积变形工艺优化组织并改善力学性能。然而，该过程中再结晶机制的演化规律仍不明确。本工作以F316奥氏体不锈钢为研究对象，系统研究了变形温度、应变速率、道次间保温时间和变形量分配方式对动态再结晶(DRX)、静态再结晶(SRX)及亚动态再结晶(MDRX)行为的影响。通过热模拟实验结合EBSD技术表征不同变形条件下几何必需位错密度、晶界特征及晶粒取向的演变过程，研究累积变形对再结晶行为的影响。结果表明，高变形温度、低应变速率、较短的道次间保温时间以及较小的初始变形量、较大的最终道次变形量均有助于材料软化，降低流变应力，并促进晶粒细化和组织均匀性。SRX尽管会消耗部分变形储能，但其晶粒细化效应为后续DRX的发生提供了更多形核点；而MDRX仅消耗变形储能，导致后续DRX难以完全发生，从而易产生混晶现象。通过构建F316不锈钢累积变形储能模型，计算热变形过程中SRX和MDRX的变形储能消耗，明确后续道次中DRX的临界能量需求；并通过计算SRX晶粒细化效应引起的DRX临界能量下降，量化了SRX对后续道次DRX行为的具体贡献。

The forming of large and complex forgings typically relies on multistep cumulative deformation processes that optimize microstructures and improve mechanical properties. However, the mechanisms of the recrystallization that occurs during these processes are not fully understood. This study examines the effects of deformation temperature, strain rate, inter-pass holding time, and deformation distribution on the dynamic recrystallization (DRX), static recrystallization (SRX), and metadynamic recrystallization (MDRX) behaviors of F316 austenitic stainless steel. With a combination of thermal simulation experiments and EBSD techniques, the evolution of the geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) density, grain boundary characteristics, and grain orientation under various deformation conditions was comprehensively analyzed. Increasing the deformation temperature and decreasing the strain rate facilitate DRX occurrence by reducing the critical energy. Prolonged holding time results in excessive SRX and MDRX, which depletes the stored deformation energy and hinders subsequent DRX. When the initial deformation amount is large, sufficient MDRX tends to suppress DRX activity. When the initial deformation amount is small, SRX contributes additional nucleation sites. Increasing the final pass deformation amount tends to promote DRX occurrence by preventing MDRX. Further analysis indicates that although SRX consumes part of the deformation energy, the effect of its grain refinement provides a greater number of nucleation sites for subsequent DRX. MDRX is a process of grain growth that proceeds directly from DRX grains and that consumes deformation energy, thereby suppressing subsequent DRX and potentially resulting in a mixed grain structure that would adversely affect the material’s final microstructure and properties. An accumulated deformation energy model for F316 stainless steel is established to evaluate the effects of various recrystallization processes. This model calculates the energy consumption of SRX and MDRX during hot deformation, determines the critical energy required for DRX in subsequent passes, and quantifies the specific contributions to DRX from SRX and MDRX. The findings provide theoretical support for the microstructural control and performance optimization of large forgings, thereby offering practical guidance for optimizing forging processes, especially under high-temperature and high-strain-rate conditions.