针对货油舱用船板钢(T8钢)的微电偶腐蚀加速问题，本工作在不添加合金元素的基础上采用形变球化工艺调控微观组织以改善其综合性能。通过调整锻造和热处理工艺参数获得了回火索氏体的预期组织，采用SEM和EBSD对比了工艺优化前后的微观组织特征，并通过显微硬度、拉伸实验和断口形貌分析等揭示了显微组织对力学性能的影响机制，同时采用失重实验、电化学测试和产物物相分析与形貌表征等方法对优化前后T8钢的腐蚀机制进行了分析。结果表明，采用形变球化工艺获得的回火索氏体组织通过细晶强化、位错强化和弥散强化机制，实现了T8钢强度和塑韧性的综合优化。通过组织调控来改变渗碳体析出相的形貌和尺寸，将大片层状渗碳体转变为细颗粒状渗碳体，抑制了腐蚀过程中渗碳体阴极相在表面的持续累积，有效减弱了微电偶腐蚀加速作用，显著提高了T8钢在模拟货油舱底板环境中的耐腐蚀性能。

With the rapid growth of the international crude oil shipping industry, ensuring the safety of oil tanker transportation has become a critical concern. The cargo oil tank (COT), the primary structure for storing crude oil, is particularly susceptible to corrosion, with the inner bottom plate being a key site for failure and potential oil leakage. Low-alloy corrosion-resistant steel, mandated by the International Maritime Organization as an alternative to traditional anticorrosion coatings, faces challenges in China due to insufficient corrosion resistance, limiting its long-term applicability in COTs. Enhancing the intrinsic properties of ship plate steel while minimizing costs is therefore crucial for improving its corrosion resistance and mechanical performance. In the simulated acidic Cl^- environment of a COT bottom plate, a micro-galvanic couple forms between ferrite and cementite in pearlite, with ferrite acting as the anodic phase and cementite as the cathodic phase. Over time, accumulated cementite thickens on the surface, increasing the anode/cathode area ratio and accelerating the corrosion rate due to intensified micro-galvanic effects. To mitigate this, a deformation spheroidization process was employed to refine the microstructure without additional alloying elements. By optimizing forging and heat treatment parameters, a tempered sorbitic microstructure was achieved in T8 steel. Microstructural evolution was characterized using SEM and EBSD, while mechanical properties were assessed through microhardness testing, tensile experiments, and fracture morphology analysis. Corrosion behavior before and after optimization was examined via mass loss tests, electrochemical analysis, and corrosion product characterization. The results indicate that spheroidization heat treatment enhances the strength, plasticity, and toughness of T8 steel through grain refinement, dislocation strengthening, and dispersion strengthening. The transformation of bulk layered cementite into fine-grained cementite effectively suppresses its accumulation on the surface during corrosion, mitigating the accelerating effect of micro-galvanic corrosion. Consequently, the corrosion resistance of T8 steel in the simulated COT environment was significantly improved. This study demonstrates a cost-effective approach to enhancing both the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ship plate steel through microstructural control, offering new insights for the development of corrosion-resistant materials for cargo oil tanks.