作为结构轻量化的代表性材料，传统铝合金受限于200 ℃以下温度服役，300~400 ℃高温服役成为其应用的瓶颈问题。本文面向该瓶颈问题内在机理及其相关科学问题，提出了快扩散溶质原子与慢扩散溶质原子耦合的新型耐热铝合金微观组织设计策略：(1) 沉淀相界面原子偏聚；(2) 异质原子间隙位置有序化；(3) 多层级异质相界面共格耦合等热稳定化设计，在原子尺度上对微观组织进行微合金化调控。最后，展望了300~400 ℃耐热铝合金体系开发及未来潜在发展方向。

Aluminum (Al) alloys, a typical lightweight material, are limited to applications at temperatures below about 200 ^oC. The high-temperature range of 300-400 ^oC has been a longstanding bottleneck for traditional Al alloys. In this study, the underlying mechanisms of this service bottleneck are first discussed, and key scientific solutions aimed at overcoming the bottleneck are proposed. A new microstructure designing strategy is proposed to develop advanced heat-resistant Al alloys through phase transformation that couples rapidly diffusing solute atoms with slowly diffusing ones. This strategy leads to three design approaches for thermal stability: (1) interfacial solute segregation at the nanoprecipitate/matrix interfaces, (2) interstitial solute ordering within the coherent nanoprecipitates, and (3) multiple interfacial coherency coupling with multiscale microstructural features. By manipulating the microalloying effect at the atomic length scale, a series of 300-400 ^oC heat-resistant Al alloys were developed. Furthermore, the potential development directions of the heat-resistant Al alloys are also explored as possible references for future work.