含Al奥氏体耐热(AFA)钢有望应用于超超临界火电机组高温部件，但其高温强度和稳定性目前还有待于进一步提高。本工作研究了预时效处理对冷轧含Al奥氏体耐热钢的析出行为、组织演变和力学性能的影响。结果表明，预时效显著影响了冷轧AFA钢在高温时效过程中的位错强化与析出强化的协同强化机制。预时效试样中的纳米析出相对晶界和位错具有较强的钉扎作用，可增加形核位置及相变驱动力，从而增强了析出强化作用。与冷轧10%试样相比，预时效24 h + 冷轧试样中的Laves相和B2-NiAl相对晶界和位错具有更强的钉扎作用，有效阻碍了位错滑移，导致局部应力集中，为析出相的形成提供更多的形核位置及相变驱动力，加速了相转变过程，析出相的体积分数显著提升。冷轧和预时效+冷轧均使得材料的强度和硬度呈现先升高后降低的趋势。

Alumina-forming austenitic (AFA) steel is expected to be applied to high-temperature components of ultra-supercritical thermal power plants. However, the high-temperature strength and stability of AFA steel need to be improved further. Here, the influence of pre-aging on the precipitation behavior, microstructural evolution, and mechanical properties of cold-rolled AFA steel was investigated. The results showed that pre-aging significantly influences the synergistic strengthening due to dislocations and precipitation in cold-rolled AFA steel during the process of high-temperature aging treatment. The precipitates in a sample that received pre-aging treatment exhibited strong pinning effect on grain boundaries and dislocations, which enhances the effect of precipitation strengthening by boosting the number of nucleation sites and the driving force for the formation of the precipitates. Compared to cold rolling with a 10% thickness reduction but without pre-aging, the formation of the Laves phase and the B2-NiAl phase after pre-aging for 24 h resulted in increased pinning on the dislocations and grain boundaries, which prevented dislocation slip, generated stress concentrations, boosted the number of nucleation sites and the driving force for the formation of the precipitates, and accelerated the phase-transition process; the volume fraction of the precipitates also increased significantly. Hardness and tensile tests at room temperature showed that the strength and hardness resulting from both cold rolling and cold rolling after pre-aging first increased and subsequently decreased.