后时效对超细晶6061铝合金微观结构与力学性能的影响
收稿日期: 2021-06-02
修回日期: 2022-04-18
网络出版日期: 2022-09-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U1710124);国家自然科学基金项目(51871035);国家自然科学基金项目(52001159);湖南大学汽车车身先进设计制造国家重点实验室开放基金项目(32115014)
Effect of Post-Aging on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of an Ultrafine-Grained 6061 Aluminum Alloy
Received date: 2021-06-02
Revised date: 2022-04-18
Online published: 2022-09-07
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1710124);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51871035);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52001159);Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicle Body, Hunan University(32115014)
采用TEM、XRD、显微硬度实验和拉伸实验，利用等通道转角挤压(ECAP)和后时效相结合制备出超细晶6061铝合金，对其微观结构和力学性能进行了对比研究。结果表明，经过两道次ECAP后，合金的平均晶粒尺寸细化到210 nm。两道次ECAP + 80℃、20 min低温后时效，合金的平均晶粒尺寸为278 nm，基体中弥散分布细小的针状β''、L相和Q'相纳米级析出物，拉伸强度和屈服强度分别达到514和483 MPa，并保持了15.1%的均匀伸长率。ECAP在基体中引入的大量位错促进了析出相的形核，加速了时效过程中的析出动力学；ECAP低温后时效，合金的高强度和高韧性与细晶强化、位错强化和纳米析出相强化有关。基于实验结果，分析了合金ECAP和后时效过程中时效相的演变过程。
关键词： Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金; 超细晶; 低温后时效; 微观结构; 力学性能
刘满平 , 薛周磊 , 彭振 , 陈昱林 , 丁立鹏 , 贾志宏 . 后时效对超细晶6061铝合金微观结构与力学性能的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2023 , 59(5) : 657 -667 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00237
Al-Mg-Si alloys are widely used in automotive body panels and parts of the engine owing to their low density, medium strength, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance and other characteristics. Currently, there are many studies on the precipitation behavior of undeformed Al-Mg-Si aluminum alloy, but there is a lack of research on the precipitation evolution and precipitation strengthening mechanism of ultra-fine grained 6061 aluminum alloy at different post-aging temperatures. In this study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of an ultrafine grain 6061 aluminum alloy produced by combining the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and post aging methods was comparatively evaluated via TEM, XRD, microhardness tests, and tensile tests. The results indicated that the average grain size of the alloy after two ECAP passes was refined to 210 nm. The average grain size of the alloy after the ECAP pass at 80oC and 20 min post aging was 278 nm; moreover, the fine needle β'', L phase, and Q' phase precipitates at nanoscale were dispersed in the matrix. Furthermore, the tensile and yield strengths were 514 and 483 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a remarkably uniform elongation of 15.1%. These results indicate that numerous dislocations introduced by ECAP in the matrix provide a location for the nucleation of the precipitate, which accelerates the precipitation kinetics during the post aging process. The high strength and toughness of the ECAP alloy after low temperature post aging can be attributed to the grain refinement strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and nanoprecipitation strengthening. Thus, the evolution of the aging precipitates during the ECAP and post aging alloy was analyzed.
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