难熔高熵合金的强韧化途径与调控机理
收稿日期: 2021-07-12
修回日期: 2021-09-25
网络出版日期: 2021-12-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U2004180);国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFB2008400)
Toughening Pathways and Regulatory Mechanisms of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
Received date: 2021-07-12
Revised date: 2021-09-25
Online published: 2021-12-07
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2004180);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB2008400)
在众多高熵合金中，由5种或5种以上的难熔金属元素，按照等原子比或者近等原子比混合形成的难熔高熵合金，凭借稳定的相结构和优异的高温性能，在高温材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。本文从难熔高熵合金的研究现状出发，综述典型难熔高熵合金的微观组织和相组成、室温和高温力学性能、强韧化机理与力学性能调控，并对未来难熔高熵合金的研究开发进行展望。首先，将难熔高熵合金按照组成相进行分类，分析了难熔高熵合金的微观组织和相组成，然后总结了难熔高熵合金的室温和高温力学性能与强韧化机理，并讨论了3种不同的强韧化方案，即化学成分调控、工艺调控和相结构调控。最后对未来难熔高熵合金的发展进行了展望，并对其未来重点研究方向提出了如下建议：借助计算机等技术，模拟与计算材料的性能与形成相，构建难熔高熵合金的研究平台与数据库；借助组合实验方法，加快筛选新的难熔高熵合金；掌握自上而下和自下而上的实验方法，探究性能优异的新型难熔高熵合金体系。
徐流杰 , 宗乐 , 罗春阳 , 焦照临 , 魏世忠 . 难熔高熵合金的强韧化途径与调控机理[J]. 金属学报, 2022 , 58(3) : 257 -271 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00286
Alloying has long been used to improve the properties of metals. Typically, the design concept starts with two metal elements as the foundation and small quantities of other elements are added to change or optimize the alloy properties. Recently, a new alloy has emerged, which combines several main elements to form new alloys, known as high-entropy alloys. Among them, refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) made by mixing five or more refractory metal elements that have similar atomic ratios have wide application prospects in the field of high-temperature materials because of their stable phase structures and excellent high-temperature properties. This paper reviews the mechanical properties and microstructure of typical RHEAs, mechanism of toughening and mechanical property regulation of RHEAs, and prospects for the future development of RHEAs, starting with the current research status of RHEAs. The first section delves into the classification of RHEAs based on their constituent phases, and the microstructure and phase composition of the RHEAs are investigated. The second section summarizes the mechanical properties, strengthening, and toughening mechanisms of RHEAs at room and high temperatures. The third section illustrates and discusses three different strengthening and toughening schemes that have been used to modulate the mechanical properties of RHEAs, namely, chemical composition, process, and phase structure modulations. Finally, the future development of RHEAs have been forecasted and the following recommendations are made for key RHEA research trends in the future: simulating and calculating the materials properties and formation phases using computers and other technologies, development of a research platform and database for RHEAs, accelerating the screening of new RHEAs using combinatorial experimental methods, and acquiring top-down and bottom-up experimental methods to explore RHEAs systems with excellent properties.
| 1 | Tsai Y L , Wang S F , Bor H Y , et al . Effects of alloy elements on microstructure and creep properties of fine-grained nickel-based superalloys at moderate temperatures [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2013, A571: 155 |
| 2 | Yeh J W , Chen S K , Lin S J , et al . Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes [J]. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6: 299 |
| 3 | Senkov O N , Wilks G B , Miracle D B , et al . Refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Intermetallics, 2010, 18: 1758 |
| 4 | Senkov O N , Wilks G B , Scott J M , et al . Mechanical properties of Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 and V20Nb20Mo20Ta20W20 refractory high entropy alloys [J]. Intermetallics, 2011, 19: 698 |
| 5 | Liu C M , Wang H M , Zhang S Q , et al . Microstructure and oxidation behavior of new refractory high entropy alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 583: 162 |
| 6 | Gorr B , Azim M , Christ H J , et al . Phase equilibria, microstructure, and high temperature oxidation resistance of novel refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 624: 270 |
| 7 | Senkov O N , Senkova S V , Dimiduk D M , et al . Oxidation behavior of a refractory NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 47: 6522 |
| 8 | Gorr B , Mueller F , Christ H J , et al . High temperature oxidation behavior of an equimolar refractory metal-based alloy 20Nb- 20Mo-20Cr-20Ti-20Al with and without Si addition [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 688: 468 |
| 9 | Li J M , Yang X , Zhu R L , et al . Corrosion and serration behaviors of TiZr0.5NbCr0.5V x Mo y high entropy alloys in aqueous environments [J]. Metals, 2014, 4: 597 |
| 10 | Jayaraj J , Thinaharan C , Ningshen S , et al . Corrosion behavior and surface film characterization of TaNbHfZrTi high entropy alloy in aggressive nitric acid medium [J]. Intermetallics, 2017, 89: 123 |
| 11 | Wang S P , Xu J . TiZrNbTaMo high-entropy alloy designed for orthopedic implants: As-cast microstructure and mechanical properties [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, C73: 80 |
| 12 | Yan D L , Song K K , Sun H G , et al . Microstructures, mechanical properties, and corrosion behaviors of refractory high-entropy ReTaWNbMo alloys [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2020, 29: 399 |
| 13 | Hung S B , Wang C J , Chen Y Y , et al . Thermal and corrosion properties of V-Nb-Mo-Ta-W and V-Nb-Mo-Ta-W-Cr-B high entropy alloy coatings [J]. Surf. Coat. Technol., 2019, 375: 802 |
| 14 | Egami T , Guo W , Rack P D , et al . Irradiation resistance of multicomponent alloys [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2014, 45A: 180 |
| 15 | El-Atwani O , Li N , Li M , et al . Outstanding radiation resistance of tungsten-based high-entropy alloys [J]. Sci. Adv., 2019, 5: eaav2002 |
| 16 | Waseem O A , Ryu H J . Powder metallurgy processing of a W x TaTiVCr high-entropy alloy and its derivative alloys for fusion material applications [J]. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7: 1926 |
| 17 | Li T X , Lu Y P , Cao Z Q , et al . Opportunity and challenge of refractory high-entropy alloys in the field of reactor structural materials [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2021, 57: 42 |
| 17 | 李天昕, 卢一平, 曹志强 等 . 难熔高熵合金在反应堆结构材料领域的机遇与挑战 [J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57: 42 |
| 18 | Chang S , Tseng K K , Yang T Y , et al . Irradiation-induced swelling and hardening in HfNbTaTiZr refractory high-entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Lett., 2020, 272: 127832 |
| 19 | Lu Y P , Huang H F , Gao X Z , et al . A promising new class of irradiation tolerant materials: Ti2ZrHfV0.5Mo0.2 high-entropy alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2019, 35: 369 |
| 20 | George E P , Raabe D , Ritchie R O . High-entropy alloys [J]. Nat. Rev. Mater., 2019, 4: 515 |
| 21 | Yao H W , Qiao J W , Gao M C , et al . NbTaV-(Ti,W) refractory high-entropy alloys: Experiments and modeling [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2016, A674: 203 |
| 22 | Chen W , Tang Q H , Wang H , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a novel refractory AlNbTiZr high-entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2018, 34: 1309 |
| 23 | Yurchenko N Y , Stepanov N D , Zherebtsov S V , et al . Structure and mechanical properties of B2 ordered refractory AlNbTiVZr x (x = 0-1.5) high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A704: 82 |
| 24 | Senkov O N , Jensen J K , Pilchak A L , et al . Compositional variation effects on the microstructure and properties of a refractory high-entropy superalloy AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr [J]. Mater. Des., 2018, 139: 498 |
| 25 | Zhang W R , Liaw P K , Zhang Y . Science and technology in high-entropy alloys [J]. Sci. China Mater., 2018, 61: 2 |
| 26 | Butler T M , Chaput K J , Dietrich J R , et al . High temperature oxidation behaviors of equimolar NbTiZrV and NbTiZrCr refractory complex concentrated alloys (RCCAs) [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 729: 1004 |
| 27 | Senkov O N , Senkova S V , Miracle D B , et al . Mechanical properties of low-density, refractory multi-principal element alloys of the Cr-Nb-Ti-V-Zr system [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2013, A565: 51 |
| 28 | Senkov O N , Senkova S V , Woodward C , et al . Low-density, refractory multi-principal element alloys of the Cr-Nb-Ti-V-Zr system: Microstructure and phase analysis [J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 1545 |
| 29 | Long Y , Liang X B , Su K , et al . A fine-grained NbMoTaWVCr refractory high-entropy alloy with ultra-high strength: Microstructural evolution and mechanical properties [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 780: 607 |
| 30 | Takeuchi A , Inoue A . Classification of bulk metallic glasses by atomic size difference, heat of mixing and period of constituent elements and its application to characterization of the main alloying element [J]. Mater. Trans., 2005, 46: 2817 |
| 31 | Chang C H , Titus M S , Yeh J W . Oxidation behavior between 700 and 1300oC of refractory TiZrNbHfTa high-entropy alloys containing aluminum [J]. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2018, 20: 1700948 |
| 32 | Senkov O N , Senkova S V , Woodward C . Effect of aluminum on the microstructure and properties of two refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 68: 214 |
| 33 | Senkov O N , Woodward C , Miracle D B . Microstructure and properties of aluminum-containing refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. JOM, 2014, 66: 2030 |
| 34 | Wang W , Zhang Z T , Niu J Z , et al . Effect of Al addition on structural evolution and mechanical properties of the Al x HfNbTiZr high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Today Commun., 2018, 16: 242 |
| 35 | Senkov O N , Isheim D , Seidman D N , et al . Development of a refractory high entropy superalloy [J]. Entropy, 2016, 18: 102 |
| 36 | Huang H L , Wu Y , He J Y , et al . Phase-transformation ductilization of brittle high-entropy alloys via metastability engineering [J]. Adv. Mater., 2017, 29: 1701678 |
| 37 | Stepanov N D , Yurchenko N Y , Zherebtsov S V , et al . Aging behavior of the HfNbTaTiZr high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Lett., 2018, 211: 87 |
| 38 | Jiang H , Jiang L , Lu Y P , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of the W-Ni-Co system refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2015, 816: 324 |
| 39 | Zhao S F , Yang G N , Ding H Y , et al . A quinary Ti-Zr-Hf-Be-Cu high entropy bulk metallic glass with a critical size of 12 mm [J]. Intermetallics, 2015, 61: 47 |
| 40 | Zhao S F , Shao Y , Liu X , et al . Pseudo-quinary Ti20Zr20Hf20Be20-(Cu20 - x Ni x ) high entropy bulk metallic glasses with large glass forming ability [J]. Mater. Des., 2015, 87: 625 |
| 41 | Han Z D , Luan H W , Liu X , et al . Microstructures and mechanical properties of Ti x NbMoTaW refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, A712: 380 |
| 42 | Senkov O N , Scott J M , Senkova S V , et al . Microstructure and room temperature properties of a high-entropy TaNbHfZrTi alloy [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509: 6043 |
| 43 | Zhang Y , Yang X , Liaw P K . Alloy design and properties optimization of high-entropy alloys [J]. JOM, 2012, 64: 830 |
| 44 | Senkov O N , Woodward C F . Microstructure and properties of a refractory NbCrMo0.5Ta0.5TiZr alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2011, A529: 311 |
| 45 | Yang X , Zhang Y , Liaw P K . Microstructure and compressive properties of NbTiVTaAlx high entropy alloys [J]. Procedia Eng., 2012, 36: 292 |
| 46 | Chen S Y , Yang X , Dahmen K A , et al . Microstructures and crackling noise of Al x NbTiMoV high entropy alloys [J]. Entropy, 2014, 16: 870 |
| 47 | Stepanov N D , Shaysultanov D G , Salishchev G A , et al . Structure and mechanical properties of a light-weight AlNbTiV high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Lett., 2015, 142: 153 |
| 48 | Fazakas é , Zadorozhnyy V , Varga L K , et al . Experimental and theoretical study of Ti20Zr20Hf20Nb20 X20 (X = V or Cr) refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 2014, 47: 131 |
| 49 | Juan C C , Tsai M H , Tsai C W , et al . Enhanced mechanical properties of HfMoTaTiZr and HfMoNbTaTiZr refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Intermetallics, 2015, 62: 76 |
| 50 | Guo N N , Wang L , Luo L S , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory MoNbHfZrTi high-entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Des., 2015, 81: 87 |
| 51 | Han Z D , Chen N , Zhao S F , et al . Effect of Ti additions on mechanical properties of NbMoTaW and VNbMoTaW refractory high entropy alloys [J]. Intermetallics, 2017, 84: 153 |
| 52 | Lin C M , Juan C C , Chang C H , et al . Effect of Al addition on mechanical properties and microstructure of refractory Al x HfNbTaTiZr alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 624: 100 |
| 53 | Stepanov N D , Yurchenko N Y , Skibin D V , et al . Structure and mechanical properties of the AlCr x NbTiV (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5) high entropy alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 652: 266 |
| 54 | Wu Y D , Cai Y H , Chen X H , et al . Phase composition and solid solution strengthening effect in TiZrNbMoV high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Des., 2015, 83: 651 |
| 55 | Guo N N , Wang L , Luo L S , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory high entropy (Mo0.5NbHf0.5ZrTi)BCC/M5Si3 in-situ compound [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 660: 197 |
| 56 | Guo N N , Wang L , Luo L S , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ MC-carbide particulates-reinforced refractory high-entropy Mo0.5NbHf0.5ZrTi matrix alloy composite [J]. Intermetallics, 2016, 69: 74 |
| 57 | Yao H W , Qiao J W , Gao M C , et al . MoNbTaV medium-entropy alloy [J]. Entropy, 2016, 18: 189 |
| 58 | Juan C C , Tseng K K , Hsu W L , et al . Solution strengthening of ductile refractory HfMo x NbTaTiZr high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Lett., 2016, 175: 284 |
| 59 | Maiti S , Steurer W . Structural-disorder and its effect on mechanical properties in single-phase TaNbHfZr high-entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 106: 87 |
| 60 | Qiao D X , Jiang H , Chang X X , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of VTaTiMoAl x refractory high entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2017, 898: 638 |
| 61 | Stepanov N D , Yurchenko N Y , Panina E S , et al . Precipitation-strengthened refractory Al0.5CrNbTi2V0.5 high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Lett., 2017, 188: 162 |
| 62 | Zhang M N , Zhou X L , Li J H . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a refractory CoCrMoNbTi high-entropy alloy [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26: 3657 |
| 63 | Waseem O A , Lee J , Lee H M , et al . The effect of Ti on the sintering and mechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloy Ti x WTaVCr fabricated via spark plasma sintering for fusion plasma-facing materials [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2018, 210: 87 |
| 64 | Liu Y , Zhang Y , Zhang H , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory HfMo0.5NbTiV0.5Si x high-entropy composites [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 694: 869 |
| 65 | Yao H W , Qiao J W , Hawk J A , et al . Mechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloys: Eexperiments and modeling [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 696: 1139 |
| 66 | Poulia A , Georgatis E , Mathiou C , et al . Phase segregation discussion in a Hf25Zr30Ti20Nb15V10 high entropy alloy: The effect of the high melting point element [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2018, 210: 251 |
| 67 | Zhang Y , Liu Y , Li Y X , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a refractory HfNbTiVSi0.5 high-entropy alloy composite [J]. Mater. Lett., 2016, 174: 82 |
| 68 | Zhang Y , Liu Y , Li Y X , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a new refractory HfNbSi0.5TiVZr high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Forum, 2016, 849: 76 |
| 69 | Huang T D , Wu S Y , Jiang H , et al . Effect of Ti content on microstructure and properties of Ti x ZrVNb refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. Int. J. Miner., Metall. Mater., 2020, 27: 1318 |
| 70 | Pang J Y , Zhang H W , Zhang L , et al . Ductile Ti1.5ZrNbAl0.3 refractory high entropy alloy with high specific strength [J]. Mater. Lett., 2021, 290: 129428 |
| 71 | Chen Y W , Li Y K , Cheng X W , et al . The microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory high-entropy alloys with high plasticity [J]. Materials (Basel), 2018, 11: 208 |
| 72 | Chen Y W , Xu Z Q , Wang M , et al . A single-phase V0.5Nb0.5ZrTi refractory high-entropy alloy with outstanding tensile properties [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, A792: 139774 |
| 73 | Wu Y D , Cai Y H , Wang T , et al . A refractory Hf25Nb25Ti25Zr25 high-entropy alloy with excellent structural stability and tensile properties [J]. Mater. Lett., 2014, 130: 277 |
| 74 | Lilensten L , Couzinié J P , Bourgon J , et al . Design and tensile properties of a bcc Ti-rich high-entropy alloy with transformation-induced plasticity [J]. Mater. Res. Lett., 2017, 5: 110 |
| 75 | Wei S L , Kim S J , Kang J Y , et al . Natural-mixing guided design of refractory high-entropy alloys with as-cast tensile ductility [J]. Nat. Mater., 2020, 19: 1175 |
| 76 | Senkov O N , Semiatin S L . Microstructure and properties of a refractory high-entropy alloy after cold working [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 649: 1110 |
| 77 | Sheikh S , Shafeie S , Hu Q , et al . Alloy design for intrinsically ductile refractory high-entropy alloys [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2016, 120: 164902 |
| 78 | Pan J Y , Dai T , Lu T , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb25Mo25Ta25W25 and Ti8Nb23Mo23Ta23W23 high entropy alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, A738: 362 |
| 79 | Juan C C , Tsai M H , Tsai C W , et al . Simultaneously increasing the strength and ductility of a refractory high-entropy alloy via grain refining [J]. Mater. Lett., 2016, 184: 200 |
| 80 | Lu Z P , Lei Z F , Huang H L , et al . Deformation behavior and toughening of high-entropy alloys [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 1553 |
| 80 | 吕昭平, 雷智锋, 黄海龙 等 . 高熵合金的变形行为及强韧化 [J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54: 1553 |
| 81 | Lei Z F , Liu X J , Wu Y , et al . Enhanced strength and ductility in a high-entropy alloy via ordered oxygen complexes [J]. Nature, 2018, 563: 546 |
| 82 | Chen Y W , Li Y K , Cheng X W , et al . Interstitial strengthening of refractory ZrTiHfNb0.5Ta0.5O x (x? =? 0.05, 0.1, 0.2) high-entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Lett., 2018, 228: 145 |
| 83 | Lu Z P , Jiang S H , He J Y , et al . Second phase strengthening in advanced metal materials [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2016, 52: 1183 |
| 83 | 吕昭平, 蒋虽合, 何骏阳 等 . 先进金属材料的第二相强化 [J]. 金属学报, 2016, 52: 1183 |
| 84 | Fu A , Guo W M , Liu B , et al . A particle reinforced NbTaTiV refractory high entropy alloy based composite with attractive mechanical properties [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2020, 815: 152466 |
| 85 | Senkov O N , Couzinie J P , Rao S I , et al . Temperature dependent deformation behavior and strengthening mechanisms in a low density refractory high entropy alloy Al10Nb15Ta5Ti30Zr40 [J]. Materialia, 2020, 9: 100627 |
| 86 | Yang C , Aoyagi K , Bian H K , et al . Microstructure evolution and mechanical property of a precipitation-strengthened refractory high-entropy alloy HfNbTaTiZr [J]. Mater. Lett., 2019, 254: 46 |
| 87 | Wei S Z , Xu L J . Review on research progress of steel and iron wear-resistant materials [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2020, 56: 523 |
| 87 | 魏世忠, 徐流杰 . 钢铁耐磨材料研究进展 [J]. 金属学报, 2020, 56: 523 |
| 88 | Bleck W , Guo X F , Ma Y . The TRIP effect and its application in cold formable sheet steels [J]. Steel Res. Int., 2017, 88: 1700218 |
| 89 | Yu Q , Chen Y J , Fang Y . Heterogeneity in chemical distribution and its impact in high-entropy alloys [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2021, 57: 393 |
| 89 | 余 倩, 陈雨洁, 方 研 . 高熵合金中的元素分布规律及其作用 [J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57: 393 |
| 90 | Herrera C , Ponge D , Raabe D . Design of a novel Mn-based 1 GPa duplex stainless TRIP steel with 60% ductility by a reduction of austenite stability [J]. Acta Mater., 2011, 59: 4653 |
| 91 | Sun F , Zhang J Y , Marteleur M , et al . Investigation of early stage deformation mechanisms in a metastable β titanium alloy showing combined twinning-induced plasticity and transformation-induced plasticity effects [J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 6406 |
| 92 | Wu Y , Xiao Y H , Chen G L , et al . Bulk metallic glass composites with transformation-mediated work-hardening and ductility [J]. Adv. Mater., 2010, 22: 2770 |
| 93 | Senkov O N , Scott J M , Senkova S V , et al . Microstructure and elevated temperature properties of a refractory TaNbHfZrTi alloy [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 47: 4062 |
| 94 | Chen H , Kauffmann A , Gorr B , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties at elevated temperatures of a new Al-containing refractory high-entropy alloy Nb-Mo-Cr-Ti-Al [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 661: 206 |
| 95 | Chen H , Kauffmann A , Laube S , et al . Contribution of lattice distortion to solid solution strengthening in a series of refractory high entropy alloys [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2018, 49A: 772 |
| 96 | Chokshi A H . High temperature deformation in fine grained high entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2018, 210: 152 |
| 97 | Hadraba H , Chlup Z , Dlouhy A , et al . Oxide dispersion strengthened CoCrFeNiMn high-entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A689: 252 |
| 98 | He J Y , Liu W H , Wang H , et al . Effects of Al addition on structural evolution and tensile properties of the FeCoNiCrMn high-entropy alloy system [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 62: 105 |
| 99 | He J Y , Wang H , Wu Y , et al . High-temperature plastic flow of a precipitation-hardened FeCoNiCr high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A686: 34 |
| 100 | Yang Y , He Q F . Lattice distortion in high-entropy alloys [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2021, 57: 385 |
| 100 | 杨 勇, 赫全锋 . 高熵合金中的晶格畸变 [J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57: 385 |
| 101 | Zong L , Xu L J , Luo C Y , et al . Refractory high-entropy alloys: A review of preparation methods and properties [J]. Chin. J. Eng., 2021, 43: 1459 |
| 101 | 宗 乐, 徐流杰, 罗春阳 等 . 难熔高熵合金: 制备方法与性能综述 [J]. 工程科学学报, 2021, 43: 1459 |
| 102 | Lv S S , Zu Y F , Chen G Q , et al . A multiple nonmetallic atoms co-doped CrMoNbWTi refractory high-entropy alloy with ultra-high strength and hardness [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, A795: 140035 |
| 103 | He J Y , Wang H , Huang H L , et al . A precipitation-hardened high-entropy alloy with outstanding tensile properties [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 102: 187 |
| 104 | Niu S Z , Kou H C , Guo T , et al . Strengthening of nanoprecipitations in an annealed Al0.5CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2016, A671: 82 |
| 105 | He F , Wang Z J , Niu S Z , et al . Strengthening the CoCrFeNi-Nb0.25 high entropy alloy by FCC precipitate [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 667: 53 |
| 106 | Ding J , Wang Z J . Local chemical order in high-entropy alloys [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2021, 57: 413 |
| 106 | 丁 俊, 王章洁 . 高熵合金中的局域化学有序 [J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57: 413 |
| 107 | Liu W H , Wu Y , He J Y , et al . Grain growth and the Hall-Petch relationship in a high-entropy FeCrNiCoMn alloy [J]. Scr. Mater., 2013, 68: 526 |
| 108 | Wu D , Zhang J Y , Huang J C , et al . Grain-boundary strengthening in nanocrystalline chromium and the Hall-Petch coefficient of body-centered cubic metals [J]. Scr. Mater., 2013, 68: 118 |
| 109 | Otto F , Dlouhy A , Somsen C , et al . The influences of temperature and microstructure on the tensile properties of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 5743 |
| 110 | Wang Z W , Baker I , Cai Z H , et al . The effect of interstitial carbon on the mechanical properties and dislocation substructure evolution in Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6 high entropy alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 120: 228 |
| 111 | Stepanov N D , Shaysultanov D G , Chernichenko R S , et al . Effect of thermomechanical processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of the carbon-containing CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 693: 394 |
| 112 | Lu Y P , Dong Y , Guo S , et al . A promising new class of high-temperature alloys: Eutectic high-entropy alloys [J]. Sci. Rep., 2014, 4: 6200 |
| 113 | Gao X Z , Lu Y P , Zhang B , et al . Microstructural origins of high strength and high ductility in an AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high-entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 141: 59 |
| 114 | Jiang L , Lu Y P , Wu W , et al . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a CoFeNi2V0.5Nb0.75 eutectic high entropy alloy in as-cast and heat-treated conditions [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2016, 32: 245 |
| 115 | Rogal ? , Kalita D , Litynska-Dobrzynska L . CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy matrix nanocomposite with addition of Al2O3 [J]. Intermetallics, 2017, 86: 104 |
| 116 | Chen S T , Tang W Y , Kuo Y F , et al . Microstructure and properties of age-hardenable Al x CrFe1.5MnNi0.5 alloys [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2010, A527: 5818 |
| 117 | Gludovatz B , Hohenwarter A , Catoor D , et al . A fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy for cryogenic applications [J]. Science, 2014, 345: 1153 |
| 118 | Deng Y , Tasan C C , Pradeep K G , et al . Design of a twinning-induced plasticity high entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 94: 124 |
| 119 | Gludovatz B , Hohenwarter A , Thurston K V S , et al . Exceptional damage-tolerance of a medium-entropy alloy CrCoNi at cryogenic temperatures [J]. Nat. Commun., 2016, 7: 10602 |
| 120 | Li Z M , Pradeep K G , Deng Y , et al . Metastable high-entropy dual-phase alloys overcome the strength-ductility trade-off [J]. Nature, 2016, 534: 227 |
| 121 | Li Z M , K?rmann F , Grabowski B , et al . Ab initio assisted design of quinary dual-phase high-entropy alloys with transformation-induced plasticity [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 136: 262 |
| 122 | Wang H W , He Z F , Jia N . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a FeMnCoCr high-entropy alloy with heterogeneous structure [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2021, 57: 632 |
| 122 | 王洪伟, 何竹风, 贾 楠 . 非均匀组织FeMnCoCr高熵合金的微观结构和力学性能 [J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57: 632 |
| 123 | Kang B , Lee J , Ryu H J , et al . Ultra-high strength WNbMoTaV high-entropy alloys with fine grain structure fabricated by powder metallurgical process [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, A712: 616 |
| 124 | Schuh B , V?lker B , Todt J , et al . Thermodynamic instability of a nanocrystalline, single-phase TiZrNbHfTa alloy and its impact on the mechanical properties [J]. Acta Mater., 2018, 142: 201 |
| 125 | Guo Z M , Zhang A J , Han J S , et al . Effect of Si additions on microstructure and mechanical properties of refractory NbTaWMo high-entropy alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2019, 54: 5844 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
