核聚变堆偏滤器热沉材料研究现状及展望
收稿日期: 2020-09-21
修回日期: 2020-11-23
网络出版日期: 2021-05-06
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(11875288)
A Review on the Development of the Heat Sink of the Fusion Reactor Divertor
Received date: 2020-09-21
Revised date: 2020-11-23
Online published: 2021-05-06
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(11875288)
偏滤器是磁约束核聚变装置最为关键的系统之一，直接承受强粒子流和高热流的冲击，服役环境十分苛刻，而满足偏滤器运行环境的热沉材料是聚变堆正常运行的关键之一。受控核聚变领域近30年的研究和工程经验表明，铜合金以高热导率、较高的强度、较好的热稳定性和抗中子辐照性能被认为是聚变堆偏滤器用热沉材料的首要候选材料，也可能是水冷偏滤器热沉材料的唯一候选材料。但是，根据现有商用铜合金在下一代聚变堆(中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)和示范性聚变核电厂(DEMO))偏滤器模拟工况下的表现，发现其无法满足CFETR偏滤器的运行要求。目前，CFETR装置的设计和预研工作已经开展并按计划稳步推进，此时适用于高热负荷部件的热沉材料研制工作就显得十分重要。本文依据中国聚变能发展路线图，介绍了下一代聚变堆偏滤器热沉材料的服役工况及其对热沉材料的要求，对现有的铜合金在下一代聚变堆偏滤器运行环境下可能存在的问题进行综合评述，最后针对我国CFETR偏滤器热沉材料的相关问题提出了应对策略。
彭吴擎亮 , 李强 , 常永勤 , 王万景 , 陈镇 , 谢春意 , 王纪超 , 耿祥 , 黄伶明 , 周海山 , 罗广南 . 核聚变堆偏滤器热沉材料研究现状及展望[J]. 金属学报, 2021 , 57(7) : 831 -844 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00376
Divertor is one of the most important components of the magnetic confinement fusion device, which directly sustains the strong particle flow and high heat load during a harsh service circumstance. The heat sink material that accommodates the operation circumstance of the divertor is one of the crucial prerequisites to perform the normal operation of a fusion reactor. The research and engineering experiences over the past three decades indicate that copper alloys are the best and probably the only material group for the heat sink of the water-cooled target of a divertor owing to its high thermal conductivity, strength, thermal stability, and radiation resistance. However, on account of its performance under the typical irradiation scenario of a divertor in the next step fusion reactor, none of the existing commercial copper alloys can satisfy both the harsh working environment and engineering building requirements in the Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). At present, the design and research of CFETR devices have been conducted and is progressing steadily according to the proposal. Therefore, the development of high-performance copper alloys or copper matrix composites for high heat flux components is essential. In this study, the working condition of the heat sink in the next step fusion reactor divertor was first introduced according to the Roadmap of Fusion Energy of China. Thus, the performance requirements for the heat sink and its potential application limitations in the future fusion reactor divertor were reviewed. Finally, certain countermeasures regarding the heat sink materials were proposed for the CFETR divertor.
Key words： nuclear fusion; heat sink; copper alloy; plasma-facing component; divertor
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