为满足马氏体不锈钢熔覆层的高效制备需求，在合金成分优化基础上，采用激光熔覆技术制备了单层厚度超过2 mm的FeCrNiMo合金熔覆层，并对其微观组织结构与摩擦磨损行为进行了研究。结果表明，熔覆层厚度均匀，无明显裂纹等缺陷，组织从表面沿厚度方向依次为等轴晶、树枝晶、胞状晶，枝晶内为马氏体，晶间为富Cr、Mo元素的铁素体。在环-块摩擦磨损形式下，随着施加载荷加大，摩擦系数和磨损量逐渐增加；熔覆层以磨粒磨损和氧化磨损机制为主，但在高载荷下黏着磨损倾向增大。在球盘往复摩擦磨损形式下，随温度升高，摩擦系数下降，熔覆层发生热软化，磨损量增加；熔覆层以氧化磨损和疲劳磨损机制为主。

To satisfy the requirement for martensite stainless steel layers with high efficiency, an optimized FeNiCrMo alloy layer was prepared using the laser cladding technique. The microstructure and frictional wear behavior of the cladding layer (a single layer with a thickness exceeding 2 mm) were investigated. The results confirmed a homogeneous thickness and crack-free character of the cladding layer. In the microstructure, equiaxed, dendritic and cellular grains were distributed along the thickness direction, and martensite and Cr/Mo-rich ferrite were observed in the dendritic and inter-dendritic regions, respectively. The frictional coefficient and wear volume of the cladding layer increased under increasing applied loads in a block-on-ring wear test, and the wear mechanism was dominated by abrasive and oxidative wear types. Under higher loads, adhesive wear prevailed. In a ball-on-disc wear test, increasing the temperature decreased the frictional coefficient and increased the wear volume. Oxidative and fatigue wear dominated the wear mechanism under this condition.