利用XRD、SEM、EBSD、XPS和动电位极化、EIS技术、半电池及全电池恒流放电等方法，系统地研究了微观组织特征对镁空气电池阳极用挤压态Mg-2Bi-0.5Ca-0.5In (质量分数，%) 合金放电性能和电化学行为的影响。结果表明，挤压态合金主要由完全动态再结晶晶粒组成，平均晶粒尺寸为(10.92 ± 0.23) μm。织构成分主要由基极从法线方向至挤压方向偏转45°~60°的非基面织构组成。合金主要包含α-Mg、纳米级Mg₃Bi₂相和微米级Mg₂Bi₂Ca相。在半电池测试中，挤压态合金在10 mA/cm²的电流密度下显示出平稳的放电过程和较负的放电电位(-1.622 V)。此外，基于挤压态合金为阳极的镁空气电池展现出较高的电池电压和功率密度，在120 mA/cm²的电流密度下电池电压和峰值功率密度分别为0.72 V和86.4 mW/cm²，这明显高于AZ31、AM50等商用镁空气电池用阳极材料的性能。该合金优异的放电性能主要归因于电极表面金属In的重新沉积、弱的织构强度、均匀的微观组织以及疏松且薄的放电产物膜。

Mg-air batteries have excellent applicability in the fields of electrochemical energy storage and conversion due to their high theoretical voltage (3.09 V) and high specific energy density (6.8 kW·h/kg). Nevertheless, the high polarization and low Coulombic efficiency reduce the inherently outstanding discharge performance of the Mg anode. Alloying and plastic deformation have been utilized to overcome these drawbacks by developing novel anode materials with relatively enhanced performance. In this work, the effect of microstructural characteristics on the discharge performance and electrochemical behaviors of the extruded Mg-2Bi-0.5Ca-0.5In (mass fraction, %) alloy as an anode for Mg-air batteries have been systematically discussed. Results indicate that the extruded alloy primarily consists of complete dynamically recrystallized grains with an average grain size of (10.92 ± 0.23) μm. The texture component is mainly composed of nonbasal texture consisting of texture components of basal poles from the normal direction to extrusion direction by around 45^o-60^o. The alloy contains α-Mg, nanoscale Mg₃Bi₂ phases, and microscale Mg₂Bi₂Ca phases. Furthermore, the extruded alloy exhibits a stable discharge process and negative discharge potential of -1.628 V at 10 mA/cm² in a half-cell test. Moreover, the Mg-air battery based on the extruded alloy as an anode exhibits a high cell voltage and power density. For instance, the cell voltage and peak power density reach up to 0.72 V and 86.4 mW/cm² at 120 mA/cm², respectively, which is significantly higher than commercially accepted AZ31 and AM50 anodes for Mg-air batteries. The outstanding discharge properties are primarily attributed to the re-deposition of metallic In at the electrode surface, the weakened texture intensity, the uniform microstructure and the loose and thin discharge products film.