采用激光选区熔化制备了致密度达99.63%、力学性能良好的AlSi10Mg样品，对比分析了不同热处理工艺对样品平行于基板方向组织与性能的影响。结果表明，沉积态样品水平方向的抗拉强度可达478 MPa，延伸率约8%，平均硬度约122 HV。为进一步提高样品延伸率，选取了不同热处理工艺进行组织调控。发现各热处理样品塑性均有一定程度提高，但强度变化差异较大。经540℃、1 h固溶处理后，样品中的网状Si组织已完全消失，强度降至约246 MPa，但延伸率超过了22%；经236℃、10 h去应力退火处理后，网状Si出现球化现象，抗拉强度下降至368 MPa，延伸率约为17%；而经130℃、4 h的时效后，熔池仍然保留完整的网状Si结构，在保持高强度的同时，塑性提高到约11.9%，平均硬度也增至约133 HV，与沉积态相比提升了10%。对比发现，低温短时间的时效热处理可以使样品保留打印过程中因快速冷却而形成的细晶组织，同时促进沉淀相的析出及网状Si的少量球化，从而使得时效样品获得了最优的综合力学性能。

The urgent need for lightweight, high-accuracy, and personalized products has led to the rapid development of additive manufacturing. Selective laser melting (SLM), which is a very promising additive manufacturing technique, has attracted remarkable attention. The mechanical properties of SLM parts are highly related to the formation of pores and cracks. In this work, SLM parameters for AlSi10Mg alloy were optimized, and the SLM AlSi10Mg sample with a high relative density of 99.63% was obtained. The SLM sample exhibited good properties, including an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of approximately 478 MPa, a total elongation of 8%, and an average hardness of 122 HV along the horizontal direction. However, due to a high cooling rate, an inhomogeneous microstructure with refined grains and a Si network was obtained. To achieve a homogeneous microstructure and further improve the elongation of the SLM samples, the effect of heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the SLM samples along the horizontal direction was analyzed. After the heat treatments, the strength of the samples changed significantly and the elongation was significantly improved. Further, after a solid solution treatment at 540oC for 1 h, the UTS significantly decreased to approximately 246 MPa and the elongation increased to more than 22%. For the sample annealed at 236oC for 10 h, a UTS of approximately 368 MPa and elongation of approximately 17% were obtained. Moreover, the sample subjected to ageing at 130oC for 4 h exhibited a high strength similar to the level of the SLM sample, the elongation was increased to approximately 11.9%, and the hardness was approximately 133 HV which is 10% higher than that of the SLM sample. The improved performance of the aged samples can be attributed to the combination of solution strengthening, microstructural refinement, and precipitation strengthening. The results show that low-temperature ageing is the optimized heat-treatment method for SLM samples with fine microstructures.