对36种金属材料在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位序、腐蚀电位对潮汐变化的响应以及不同金属合金元素成分对耐三亚海水环境腐蚀的作用进行了研究。结果表明,三亚海水环境中金属材料腐蚀电位的稳定区间较大,腐蚀电位序从高到低为：镍基合金、双相不锈钢、奥氏体不锈钢和紫铜、铁素体不锈钢、马氏体不锈钢、铜合金、低合金钢、碳钢、铸铁、铝合金和铝阳极。碳钢电位随潮汐变化的波动在动力学控制下,高潮位时腐蚀电位较负;在扩散作用控制下,高潮位时腐蚀电位较正。金属腐蚀电位在海水中的波动体现了腐蚀产物膜对扩散控制下的腐蚀具有阻碍作用。在三亚海水环境中,低C和高合金元素含量的碳钢对氧扩散抑制作用较好。奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀电位随潮汐变化的波动远小于铁素体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢,浸泡2700 h后,含Mo的奥氏体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢有较为稳定的腐蚀电位,腐蚀产物膜具有较好的保护性。铝阳极在三亚海水环境中的腐蚀电位随海水高含氧量时间的增加而上升,含Ga和高Zn含量的铝阳极材料的腐蚀电位较为稳定。Al青铜和T2紫铜在三亚海水环境中有较稳定的腐蚀电位,并且有较好的耐蚀性。

With the development of ocean engineering, various metallic materials have been applied to the marine environment. It is an urgent requirement to study the galvanic series and alloy composition optimization of metallic materials in the tropical marine environment. In this work, open circuit potentials (OCP) and galvanic series of 36 kinds of metallic materials in Sanya seawater were studied. By considering the response of OCP to tidal changes, the anti-corrosion effects of alloying elements were also analyzed. The results show that the OCP of metallic materials in Sanya seawater has a large range. The galvanic series order of metallic materials from high to low in Sanya seawater is: nickel alloy, duplex stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and pure copper, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, copper alloy, low alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy and aluminum anode. Low-carbon high-alloy content carbon steel and high Cr, Ni contents stainless steel have higher OCP. The potential fluctuations of carbon steel with tidal changes involves two phases: (1) under the dynamics control, the OCP of carbon steel is more negative at high tide; (2) under the diffusion control, the OCP is more positive at high tide. The potential fluctuations of metallic materials reflect the effect of the corrosion product film on the change of ionization balance, and metals with less potential fluctuations have better inhibition on ion diffusion. In Sanya seawater, the carbon steel, which has more alloying content and less carbon content, has less potential fluctuations with the tidal changes and has good oxygen diffusion resistance. The potential fluctuations of austenitic stainless steel with tidal changes are less than that of ferritic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel. After 2700 h immersion, austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel, which have a higher content of Mo, have more stable OCP. In other words, the corrosion film gets a better corrosion resistance. The OCP of aluminum anode in Sanya seawater environment increases when the oxygen content is brought up. The OCP of Zn-containing or Ga-containing aluminum anode remains relatively stable. Al bronze and T2 copper have less potential fluctuations with tidal changes, and perform good corrosion resistance in Sanya seawater.