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金属学报  2018, Vol. 54 Issue (9): 1311-1321    DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00521
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金属材料在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位序及合金成分对耐蚀性的影响
陈闽东1, 张帆1, 刘智勇1, 杨朝晖2, 丁国清2, 李晓刚1,3()
1 北京科技大学腐蚀与防护中心教育部腐蚀与防护重点实验室 北京 100083
2 钢铁研究总院青岛海洋腐蚀研究所 青岛 266071
3 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 宁波 315201
Galvanic Series of Metals and Effect of Alloy Compositions on Corrosion Resistance in Sanya Seawater
Mindong CHEN1, Fan ZHANG1, Zhiyong LIU1, Chaohui YANG2, Guoqing DING2, Xiaogang LI1,3()
1 Key Laboratory for Corrosion and Protection, Ministry of Education, Corrosion and Protection Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 Qingdao Marine Corrosion Research Institute, Central Iron & Steel Research Insititute, Qingdao 266071, China;
3 Ningbo Institute of Material Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China;
引用本文:

陈闽东, 张帆, 刘智勇, 杨朝晖, 丁国清, 李晓刚. 金属材料在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位序及合金成分对耐蚀性的影响[J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54(9): 1311-1321.
Mindong CHEN, Fan ZHANG, Zhiyong LIU, Chaohui YANG, Guoqing DING, Xiaogang LI. Galvanic Series of Metals and Effect of Alloy Compositions on Corrosion Resistance in Sanya Seawater[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2018, 54(9): 1311-1321.

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摘要: 

对36种金属材料在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位序、腐蚀电位对潮汐变化的响应以及不同金属合金元素成分对耐三亚海水环境腐蚀的作用进行了研究。结果表明,三亚海水环境中金属材料腐蚀电位的稳定区间较大,腐蚀电位序从高到低为：镍基合金、双相不锈钢、奥氏体不锈钢和紫铜、铁素体不锈钢、马氏体不锈钢、铜合金、低合金钢、碳钢、铸铁、铝合金和铝阳极。碳钢电位随潮汐变化的波动在动力学控制下,高潮位时腐蚀电位较负;在扩散作用控制下,高潮位时腐蚀电位较正。金属腐蚀电位在海水中的波动体现了腐蚀产物膜对扩散控制下的腐蚀具有阻碍作用。在三亚海水环境中,低C和高合金元素含量的碳钢对氧扩散抑制作用较好。奥氏体不锈钢的腐蚀电位随潮汐变化的波动远小于铁素体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢,浸泡2700 h后,含Mo的奥氏体不锈钢和马氏体不锈钢有较为稳定的腐蚀电位,腐蚀产物膜具有较好的保护性。铝阳极在三亚海水环境中的腐蚀电位随海水高含氧量时间的增加而上升,含Ga和高Zn含量的铝阳极材料的腐蚀电位较为稳定。Al青铜和T2紫铜在三亚海水环境中有较稳定的腐蚀电位,并且有较好的耐蚀性。
关键词 ： 金属材料,  三亚海水环境,  腐蚀电位序,  合金成分,  潮汐    
Abstract：

With the development of ocean engineering, various metallic materials have been applied to the marine environment. It is an urgent requirement to study the galvanic series and alloy composition optimization of metallic materials in the tropical marine environment. In this work, open circuit potentials (OCP) and galvanic series of 36 kinds of metallic materials in Sanya seawater were studied. By considering the response of OCP to tidal changes, the anti-corrosion effects of alloying elements were also analyzed. The results show that the OCP of metallic materials in Sanya seawater has a large range. The galvanic series order of metallic materials from high to low in Sanya seawater is: nickel alloy, duplex stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel and pure copper, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, copper alloy, low alloy steel, carbon steel, cast iron, aluminum alloy and aluminum anode. Low-carbon high-alloy content carbon steel and high Cr, Ni contents stainless steel have higher OCP. The potential fluctuations of carbon steel with tidal changes involves two phases: (1) under the dynamics control, the OCP of carbon steel is more negative at high tide; (2) under the diffusion control, the OCP is more positive at high tide. The potential fluctuations of metallic materials reflect the effect of the corrosion product film on the change of ionization balance, and metals with less potential fluctuations have better inhibition on ion diffusion. In Sanya seawater, the carbon steel, which has more alloying content and less carbon content, has less potential fluctuations with the tidal changes and has good oxygen diffusion resistance. The potential fluctuations of austenitic stainless steel with tidal changes are less than that of ferritic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel. After 2700 h immersion, austenitic stainless steel and martensitic stainless steel, which have a higher content of Mo, have more stable OCP. In other words, the corrosion film gets a better corrosion resistance. The OCP of aluminum anode in Sanya seawater environment increases when the oxygen content is brought up. The OCP of Zn-containing or Ga-containing aluminum anode remains relatively stable. Al bronze and T2 copper have less potential fluctuations with tidal changes, and perform good corrosion resistance in Sanya seawater.
Key words： metallic material    Sanya seawater environment    galvanic series    alloy composition    tide
收稿日期: 2017-12-06     
ZTFLH:  TG172.5  
基金资助:国家重点基础研究发展计划项目No.2014CB643300和国家重点研发计划项目No.2016YFB0300604
作者简介:

作者简介 陈闽东,男,1988年生,博士生
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https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/10.11900/0412.1961.2017.00521      或      https://www.ams.org.cn/CN/Y2018/V54/I9/1311

Material C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Cu Others Fe
HT200 4.13 1.60 1.01 0.092 0.045 - - - - Bal.
QT500 3.95 1.62 0.16 0.072 0.014 - - - - Bal.
Q235 0.16 0.096 0.32 0.024 0.0086 0.015 0.042 0.050 Mo 0.042; Al 0.021 Bal.
Pure Q235 0.042 0.18 0.35 0.008 0.0030 - - - Al 0.029 Bal.
Q345B 0.17 0.22 0.88 0.018 0.0050 - - - Al 0.023 Bal.
D36 0.072 0.14 1.22 0.012 0.0034 - - - Nb 0.015; Ti 0.018; Al 0.039 Bal.
Q345DZ35 0.10 0.28 1.42 0.010 0.0020 - - - - Bal.
Q450NQR1 0.070 0.33 1.04 0.017 0.0079 0.13 0.62 0.26 Nb 0.026; Ti 0.017; Al 0.029 Bal.
921 0.12 0.33 0.37 0.080 0.040 2.72 1.05 - Mo 0.24; V 0.080 Bal.
X70 0.067 0.18 1.54 0.013 0.0027 - 0.21 - Mo 0.058; Al 0.038; Bal.
Nb 0.063; Ti 0.018
X80 0.040 0.30 1.79 0.013 0.0010 - 0.025 - - Bal.
E460 0.060 0.17 1.50 0.014 0.0020 0.40 0.25 0.26 Mo 0.20; Ti 0.012; Bal.
Nb 0.020; Al 0.026
E690 0.11 0.29 1.12 0.013 0.0030 0.41 0.46 0.27 Mo 0.41; Ti 0.019; B 0.015; Bal.
V 0.030; Al 0.036
Super fine grain 0.097 0.26 1.64 0.010 0.0060 - - 0.20 V 0.067; Nb 0.048; Bal.
steel 1 Ti 0.017; N 0.0040
Super fine grain 0.091 0.21 0.40 0.013 0.016 - - 0.040 N 0.0028 Bal.
steel 2
Micro-alloy steel 0.064 0.22 1.18 0.008 0.0050 - - 0.32 V 0.049; Nb 0.035; Bal.
Ti 0.014; N 0.033
表1  铸铁、碳钢和低合金钢材料的化学成分
Material C Si Mn P S Ni Cr Mo Others Fe
PH13-8Mo 0.041 0.055 - 0.0053 0.0016 8.50 12.56 2.31 Al 1.21 Bal.
15-5PH 0.033 0.43 0.51 0.0060 0.0020 4.61 14.37 0.26 N 0.035; Al 0.0030 Bal.
304 0.049 0.30 0.92 0.028 0.0030 8.27 18.19 0.20 V 0.040 Bal.
316L 0.022 0.69 0.97 0.028 0.0030 10.03 16.28 2.16 - Bal.
317L 0.048 0.33 1.18 0.036 0.0018 8.21 18.34 0.063 N 0.048 Bal.
Cr-Mn-N stainless steel 0.026 0.58 4.69 0.023 0.0057 1.31 21.03 0.010 N 0.23; Al 0.011 Bal.
444 0.010 0.22 0.060 0.013 0.0010 0.10 17.82 1.88 Nb 0.21; Ti 0.16; Bal.
N 0.011
2205 0.023 0.34 0.96 0.025 0.0010 5.18 22.54 3.18 N 0.15 Bal.
表2  不锈钢材料的化学成分
Material Zn Si Fe Mn In Mg Cu Cr Ga Bi Al
1100 0.0070 0.063 0.29 0.14 - - 0.011 - - - Bal.
5052 0.040 0.090 0.28 0.040 - 2.57 0.050 0.20 - - Bal.
5083 0.010 0.10 0.33 0.68 - 4.34 0.004 0.086 - - Bal.
AlZnGaSi 2.64 0.30 0.056 - - - - - 3.20 - Bal.
AlZnInBiSi 0.46 0.30 0.067 - 0.012 - - - - 0.55 Bal.
AlZnInSi 5.32 0.054 0.096 - 0.024 - - - - - Bal.
表3  铝合金和铝阳极材料的化学成分
Material Zn Fe Mn Al Ni Cu
T2 - - - - - 99.98
Al bronze - 0.042 1.84 8.89 - Bal.
HAl77-2 21.53 0.020 - 1.98 - Bal.
B10 0.0066 1.65 0.90 - 10.25 Bal.
表4  铜合金材料的化学成分
Material C Si Mn S Cr Mo Fe W Co Ni
N06625 0.0500 0.170 0.012 0.0014 21.63 9.54 - - - Bal.
N10276 0.0092 0.027 0.380 0.0015 16.00 17.00 5.69 3.58 0.50 Bal.
表5  镍基合金材料的化学成分
图1  测试时间内三亚海水潮位的变化
图2  铸铁、碳钢和低合金钢在三亚海水环境的腐蚀电位-时间曲线
图3  碳钢和低合金钢在三亚海水中腐蚀电位波动与潮汐变化
图4  不锈钢在三亚海水环境的腐蚀电位-时间曲线
图5  不锈钢在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位波动与潮汐变化
图6  铝合金和铝阳极在三亚海水环境的腐蚀电位-时间曲线
图7  铝合金和铝阳极在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位波动与潮汐变化
图8  铜合金和镍基合金在三亚海水环境的腐蚀电位-时间曲线
图9  铜合金和镍基合金在三亚海水中的腐蚀电位波动与潮汐变化
图10  36种金属材料在三亚海水环境中的腐蚀电位序
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