一种抗热腐蚀铸造镍基高温合金中σ相的析出及回溶*
STUDY ON THE PRECIPITATION AND DISSOLUTION OF σ PHASE IN A HOT CORROSION RESISTANCE CAST NICKLE BASE SUPERALLOY
Received date: 2015-07-07
Online published: 2016-02-25
Supported by
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.30170302 and 51571191)
研究了不同热处理条件下σ相的回溶规律及其对合金持久性能的影响. 研究发现, 在800~900 ℃范围内经过最长1×104 h时效后, 合金中产生的σ相率先在枝晶干的M23C6碳化物附近形成, 之后扩展到枝晶间; 随着时效温度的升高, σ相形成速度加快, σ相形核的孕育时间缩短. 激活能计算结果对比表明, σ相形成初期与Co, Cr的扩散相关, 稳态阶段与Mo的扩散相关; 长期时效后合金在1000~1170 ℃固溶时, σ相都可以回溶到基体, 且固溶温度越高, σ相回溶越快. σ相的回溶动力学研究表明, σ相的回溶速度受Co的扩散过程控制. 对比持久实验结果表明, 合金中的σ相并不能使合金变脆; 经过恢复热处理, 长期时效过程中析出的σ相回溶, 持久寿命提高.
侯介山 , 郭建亭 , 袁超 , 周兰章 . 一种抗热腐蚀铸造镍基高温合金中σ相的析出及回溶*[J]. 金属学报, 2016 , 52(2) : 168 -176 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2015.00358
The experimental alloy is designed and employed in high-performance industrial gas turbines as low-pressure turbine blades, working in temperature range of 750~900 ℃. The alloy contains high levels of refractory elements in order to increase the high-temperature mechanical properties. However, this can make the alloy prone to the formation of σ phase during service, which could deteriorate the properties further if the fraction of σ phase exceeds the safety allowances. In this study, the formation of σ phase during long-term thermal exposure, dissolution of the σ phase during rejuvenation process and their influence on stress-rupture properties of a hot-corrosion resistant nickel base superalloy have been investigated. During long-term thermal exposure at 800~900 ℃ for up to 1×104 h, the σ phase formation is mainly in dendrite cores with a few at interdendritic regions. As the aging temperature increases, the precipitation rate of σ phase increases and the incubation time for nucleation of σ phase decreases. From the kinetic analysis, the σ phase form firstly in the vicinity or on the M23C6 in dendrite cores with the strong segregation of W, Cr and Co. The calculated activation energies of σ formation show that the early stage is related to Co and Cr diffusions and the steady stage is related to Mo diffusion. During solid solution process at 1000~1170 ℃, the σ phase precipitated during long-term thermal exposure dissolves to γ matrix. As the solid solution temperature is higher, the dissolution of σ phase becomes faster. Moreover, the σ phase does not embrittle the alloy. The reheat treatment of the alloy leads to the dissolution of precipitated σ phase and further prolongs the stress-rupture life efficiently.
Key words： nickel base superalloy; long-term exposure; precipitation; dissolution; σ phase
| [1] | Rettig R, Singer R F.In: Huron E S, Reed R C, Hardy M, Mills M J, Montero R E, Portella P D, Talesman J eds., Superalloys 2012, Pennsylvania: TMS, 2012: 205 |
| [2] | Pang H T, Edmonds I M, Jones C N, Stone H J, Rae C M F. In: Huron E S, Reed R C, Hardy M, Mills M J, Montero R E, Portella P D, Talesman J eds., Superalloys 2012, Pennsylvania: TMS, 2012: 301 |
| [3] | Han Y F, Ma W Y, Dong Z Q, Li S S, Gong S K.In: Reed R C, Green K A, Caron P, Gabb T P, Fahrmann M G, Huron E S, Woodard S A eds., Superalloys 2008, Pennsylvania: TMS, 2008: 91 |
| [4] | Pan Y M, Dung D S, Cragnolino G A.Metall Meter Trans, 2005; 36A: 1143 |
| [5] | Zhao S Q, Xie X S.Acta Metall Sin, 2003; 39: 399 |
| [5] | (赵双群, 谢锡善. 金属学报, 2003; 39: 399) |
| [6] | Sun F, Zhang J X, Liu P, Feng Q, Han X D, Mao S C. J Alloys Compd, 2012; 536: 80 |
| [7] | Shi Z X, Li J R, Liu S Z.Prog Nat Sci: Mater Int, 2012; 22: 426 |
| [8] | El-Bagoury N, Mohsen Q.Phase Transitions, 2011; 84: 1108 |
| [9] | Hou J S, Guo J T, Zhou L Z, Ye H Q.Z Metallkund, 2006; 2: 174 |
| [10] | Hou J S, Zhou L Z, Yuan C, Guo J T, Wang W, Qin X Z, Liaw P K.Mater Charact, 2013; 77: 47 |
| [11] | Leclaire A D.In: Brandes E A, Brook E B eds., Smithells Metals Reference Book. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, 1992: 131 |
| [12] | Zhou C, Gong W, Huang S, Wei H.J Min Metall, 2011; 47B: 171 |
| [13] | Cheng K Y, Jo C Y, Jin T, Hu Z Q.Mater Sci Eng, 2011; A528: 2704 |
| [14] | Mao P L, Xin Y, Han K, Wei G J.Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett), 2009; 22: 365 |
| [15] | Cui T, Zhang Y S, Guo S, Wang L, Yang H C.Acta Metall Sin (Engl Lett), 2004; 17: 645 |
| [16] | Tian S G, Qian B J, Li T, Yu L L, Wang M G.Chin J Nonferrous Met, 2010; 20: 2154 |
| [16] | (田素贵, 钱本江, 李唐, 于莉丽, 王明罡. 中国有色金属学报, 2010; 20: 2154) |
| [17] | Zhang B J, Wang L, Xu G H, Qin H Y, Zhao G P.J Mater Metall, 2012; 11: 136 |
| [17] | (张北江, 王磊, 胥国华, 秦鹤勇, 赵光普. 材料与冶金学报, 2012; 11: 136) |
| [18] | Yokokawa T, Osawa M, Nishida K, Kobayashi T, Koizumi Y, Harada H.Scr Mater, 2003; 49: 1041 |
| [19] | Kobayashi T, Koizumi Y, Nakazawa S, Yamagata T, Harada H.In: Strang A, Banks W M, Conroy R D, Goulette M J eds., Proc 4th Int Charles Parsons Turbine Conference, Newcastle upon Tyne: Maney Publishing, 1997: 766 |
| [20] | Dong J X, Xie X S, Fujio Abe. J Mater Eng, 2000; (11): 15 |
| [20] | (董建新, 谢锡善, 阿部富士雄. 材料工程, 2000; (11): 15) |
| [21] | Chen G S, Yao C C, Zhong Z Y.Acta Metall Sin, 1978; 14: 284 |
| [21] | (陈淦生, 姚常春, 仲增墉. 金属学报, 1978; 14: 284) |
| [22] | Yeh A C, Rae C M F, Tin S. In: Green K A, Pollock T M, Harada H, Howson T E, Reed R C, Schirra J J, Walston S eds., Superalloys 2004, Warrendale: TMS, 2004: 677 |
| [23] | Divya V D, Balam S S K, Ramamurty U, Paul A.Scr Mater, 2010; 62: 621 |
| [24] | Acharya M V, Fuchs G E.Scr Mater, 2006; 54: 61 |
| [25] | Seiser B, Drautz R, Pettifor D G.Acta Mater, 2011; 59: 749 |
| [26] | Tin S, Pollock T M.Mater Sci Eng, 2003; A348: 111 |
| [27] | Monastyrskaia E V, Petrov E V, Beljaev V E, Dushkin A M.In: Green K A, Pollock T M, Harada H, Howson T E, Reed R C, Schirra J J, Walston S eds., Superalloys 2004, Warrendale: TMS, 2004: 779 |
| [28] | Karunaratne M S A, Cox D C, Carter P, Reed R C. In: Green K A, Pollock T M, Kissinger R D eds., Superalloys 2000, Warrendale: TMS, 2000: 263 |
| [29] | Darolia R, Lahrmann D F, Field R D.In: Reichman S, Dhul D N, Maurer G, Antolovich S, Lund C eds., Superalloys 1988, Warrendale: TMS, 1988: 255 |
| [30] | Erickson G L.In: Kissinger R D, Deye D J, Anton D L, Cetel A D, Nathal M V, Pollock T M, Woodford D A eds., Superalloys 1996, Warrendale: TMS, 1996: 35 |
| [31] | Walston W S, Schaeffer J C, Murphy W H.In: Kissinger R D, Deye D J, Anton D L, Cetel A D, Nathal M V, Pollock T M, Woodford D A eds., Superalloys 1996, Warrendale: TMS, 1996: 9 |
| [32] | Rae C M F, Karunaratne M S A, Small C J, Broomfield R W, Jones C N, Reed R C. In: Green K A, Pollock T M, Kissinger R D eds., Superalloys 2000, Warrendale: TMS, 2000: 767 |
| [33] | Flemings M C. Solidification Processing.New York: McGraw Hill Inc., 1974: 331 |
| [34] | Walston W S.In: Fuchs G E, Dannemann K A, Deragon T A eds., Long-Term Stability of High Temperature Materials. Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1999: 43 |
| [35] | Morinaga M, Yukawa N, Ezaki H.Philos Mag, 1995; 51A: 223 |
| [36] | Chen Q Z, Jones C N, Knowles D M.Acta Mater, 2002; 50: 1095 |
| [37] | Pyczak F, Mughrabi H.In: Morris D G, Naka S, Caron P eds., Intermetallics and Superalloys. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2000: 47 |
| [38] | Keefe P W, Mancuso S O, Maurer G E.In: Antolovich S D, Stusrud R W, MacKay R A, Anton D L, Khan T, Kissinger R D, Klarstron D L eds., Superalloy 1992, Warrendale: TMS, 1992: 487 |
| [39] | Na Y S, Park N K, Reed R C.Scr Mater, 2000; 43: 585 |
| [40] | Li X, Miodownik A P, Saunders N.Mater Sci Technol, 1998; 18: 861 |
| [41] | Plati A. Master Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003 |
| [42] | Burke J.The Kinetics of Phase Transformations in Metals. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1965: 1 |
| [43] | Kim H T, Chun S S, Yao X X, Fang Y, Choi J.J Mater Sci, 1997; 32: 4917 |
| [44] | Moshtaghin R S, Asgari S.Mater Des, 2003; 24: 325 |
| [45] | Jackson M P, Reed R C.Mater Sci Eng, 1999; A259: 85 |
| [46] | Bryant D J, McIntosh Dr G. In: Kissinger R D, Deye D J, Anton D L, Cetel A D, Nathal M V, Pollock T M, Woodford D A eds., Superalloys 1996, Warrendale: TMS, 1996: 713 |
| [47] | Rae C M F, Reed R C.Acta Metall, 2001; 49: 4113 |
| [48] | Acharya M V, Fuchs G E.Mater Sci Eng, 2004; A381: 143 |
| [49] | Durand-Charre M.The Microstructure of Superalloys. Singapore: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1997: 3 |
| [50] | Copley S M, Giamei A F, Johnson S M, Hornbeck M F.Metall Trans, 1970; 1: 2193 |
| [51] | Zhang J S, Hu Z Q, Murata Y, Morinaga M, Yukawa N.Metall Trans, 1993; 24A: 2443 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
