核能系统压力容器辐照脆化机制及其影响因素
李正操, 男, 1975年生, 副教授
收稿日期: 2014-06-26
修回日期: 2014-04-18
网络出版日期: 2014-11-25
基金资助
* 国家科技重大专项资助项目2011ZX06004-002
IRRADIATION EMBRITTLEMENT MECHANISMS AND RELEVANT INFLUENCE FACTORS OF NUCLEAR REACTOR PRESSURE VESSEL STEELS
Received date: 2014-06-26
Revised date: 2014-04-18
Online published: 2014-11-25
Supported by
National Science and Technology Major Project (No.2011ZX06004-002)
核反应堆压力容器作为核电站不可更换的关键性设备, 其设备完整性对核电站的安全运行起着至关重要的作用. 在辐照条件下, 反应堆压力容器钢中会形成一系列微结构缺陷, 包括溶质沉淀、基体损伤和脆性元素的晶界偏聚等, 导致材料的韧脆性转变温度升高, 产生辐照脆化效应. 而压力容器钢的成分和辐照条件决定了各种微结构对辐照脆化的贡献大小. 本文主要针对核能系统压力容器辐照脆化机制及其影响因素进行了综述, 总结讨论了这些微结构的形成机制及溶质元素、辐照通量和辐照后退火对这些微结构和材料机械性能的影响, 并指出了存在的问题和未来的研究方向.
李正操 , 陈良 . 核能系统压力容器辐照脆化机制及其影响因素[J]. 金属学报, 2014 , 50(11) : 1285 -1293 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2014.00189
Nuclear reactor pressure vessel is the irreplaceable component of the nuclear power plant and its integrity is one of the key issues of any nuclear power plant for long term operations. Various nanofeatures, including solute clusters, matrix damage and grain boundary segregation formed in reactor pressure vessel steels in the face of neutron irradiation. These ultrafine microstructural features lead to an increase in the ductile brittle transition temperature as is the measure used to describe the irradiation embrittlement. The balance of features depends on the composition of the reactor pressure vessel steels and the irradiation conditions. This paper reviews the current phenomenological knowledge and understanding of the basic mechanisms and relevant influence factors for irradiation embrittlement of nuclear reactor pressure vessel steels. To be specific, the formation and evolution processes of the embrittling features are presented. Also, the influences of material variables, such as copper, nickel and manganese contents on irradiation embrittlement and those of irradiation variables, such as neutron flux and post irradiation annealing are summarized. In addition, fundamental research issues that remain to be addressed are briefly pointed out.
| [1] | Lambrecht M, Almazouzi A. J Phys: Conf Ser, 2011; 265: 012009 |
| [2] | Chai M S, Lai W S, Li Z C, Feng W. Acta Metall Sin (Eng Lett), 2012; 25: 29 |
| [3] | Odette G R, Lucas G E. Radiat Eff Defect Solids, 1998; 144: 189 |
| [4] | Miller M K, Russell K F. J Nucl Mater, 2007; 371: 145 |
| [5] | Hu Z, Li Z C, Zhou Z, Shi C Q, Schut H, Pappas K. J Phys: Conf Ser, 2014; 505: 012014 |
| [6] | Vincent E, Becquart C S, Pareige C, Pareige P, Domain C. J Nucl Mater, 2008; 373: 387 |
| [7] | Zhang Q, Li Z C, Lin C, Liu B X, Ma E. J Appl Phys, 2000; 87: 4147 |
| [8] | Phythian W J, English C A. J Nucl Mater, 1993; 205: 162 |
| [9] | Odette G R. J Nucl Mater, 1994; 212: 45 |
| [10] | Odette G R, Lucas G E. JOM, 2001; 53(7): 18 |
| [11] | Lv Z. Acta Metall Sin, 2011; 47: 777 |
| [11] | (吕 铮. 金属学报, 2011; 47: 777) |
| [12] | Yeli G M, Li Z C, Yu X Y, Zhang Z J. Rare Met, doi: 10.1007/s12598-013-0118-x |
| [13] | Chaouadi R, Gérard R. J Nucl Mater, 2005; 345: 65 |
| [14] | Kameda J, Bevolo A J. Acta Metall, 1989; 37: 3283 |
| [15] | Lu Z, Faulkner R G, Flewitt P E J. Mater Sci Eng, 2006; A437: 306 |
| [16] | Glade S C, Wirth B D, Odette G R, Asoka-Kumar P. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 351: 197 |
| [17] | Fukuya K. J Nucl Sci Technol, 2013; 50: 213 |
| [18] | Buswell J T, Phythian W J, McElroy R J, Dumbill S, Ray P H N, Mace J, Sinclair R N. J Nucl Mater, 1995; 225: 196 |
| [19] | Liu C L, Odette G R, Wirth B D, Lucas G E. Mater Sci Eng, 1997; A238: 202 |
| [20] | Odette G R, Wirth B D. J Nucl Mater, 1997; 251: 157 |
| [21] | Miller M K, Chernobaeva A A, Shtrombakh Y I, Russell K F, Nanstad R K, Erak D Y, Zabusov O O. J Nucl Mater, 2009; 385: 615 |
| [22] | Toyama T, Nagai Y, Tang Z L, Hasegawa M, Almazouzi A, van Walle E, Gerard R. Acta Mater, 2007; 55: 6852 |
| [23] | Othen P J, Jenkins M L, Smith G D W. Philos Mag, 1994; 70A: 1 |
| [24] | Charleux M, Livet F, Bley F, Louchet F, Brechet Y. Philos Mag, 1996; 73A: 883 |
| [25] | Monzen R, Iguchi M, Jenkins M L. Philos Mag Lett, 2000; 80(3): 137 |
| [26] | Nicol A C, Jenkins M L, Kirk M A. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, 1999; 540: 409 |
| [27] | Buswell J T, Bischler P J E, Fenton S T, Ward A E, Phythian W J. J Nucl Mater, 1993; 205: 198 |
| [28] | Arokiam A C, Barashev A V, Bacon D J, Osetsky Y N. Philos Mag, 2007; 87: 925 |
| [29] | Grosse M, Denner V, Bohmert J, Mathon M H. J Nucl Mater, 2000; 277: 280 |
| [30] | Ulbricht A, Boehmert J. Physica, 2004; 350B: E483 |
| [31] | Goodman S R, Brenner S S, Low J R. Metall Trans, 1973; 4: 2371 |
| [32] | Miller M K, Wirth B D, Odette G R. Mater Sci Eng, 2003; A353: 133 |
| [33] | Zhang C, Enomoto M, Yamashita T, Sano N. Metall Mater Trans, 2004; 35A: 1263 |
| [34] | Lozano-Perez S, Titchmarsh J M, Jenkins M L. Ultramicroscopy, 2006; 106(2): 75 |
| [35] | Sumiyama K, Yoshitake Y, Nakamura Y. Acta Metall, 1985; 33: 1785 |
| [36] | Wirth B D. PhD Dissertation, University of California Santa Barbara, 1995 |
| [37] | Fine M E, Liu J Z, Asta M D. Mater Sci Eng, 2007; A463: 271 |
| [38] | Miller M K, Hetherington M G. Surf Sci, 1991; 246: 442 |
| [39] | Vurpillot F, Bostel A, Blavette D. Appl Phys Lett, 2000; 76: 3127 |
| [40] | Blavette D, Vurpillot F, Pareige P, Menand A. Ultramicroscopy, 2001; 89: 145 |
| [41] | Morley A, Sha G, Hirosawa S, Cerezo A, Smith G D W. Ultramicroscopy, 2009; 109: 535 |
| [42] | Arokiam A C, Barashev A V, Bacon D J, Osetsky Y N. Philos Mag Lett, 2005; 85: 491 |
| [43] | Odette G R, Yamamoto T, Wirth B D. In: Ghoniem N M ed., Proc 2nd Int Conf on Multiscale Materials Modeling, University of California, 2004: 355 |
| [44] | Bergner F, Ulbricht A, Viehrig H W. Philos Mag Lett, 2009; 89: 795 |
| [45] | Wagner A, Ulbricht A, Bergner F, Altstadt E. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, 2012; 280B: 98 |
| [46] | Lucas G E. J Nucl Mater, 2010; 407: 59 |
| [47] | Auger P, Pareige P, Akamatsu M, Blavette D. J Nucl Mater, 1995; 225: 225 |
| [48] | Odette G R, Nanstad R K. JOM, 2009; 61(7): 17 |
| [49] | Bonny G, Terentyev D, Bakaev A, Zhurkin E E, Hou M, Van Neck D, Malerba L. J Nucl Mater, 2013; 442: 282 |
| [50] | Radiguet B, Pareige P, Barbu A. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, 2009; 267B: 1496 |
| [51] | Meslin E, Radiguet B, Pareige P, Toffolon C, Barbu A. Exp Mech, 2011; 51: 1453 |
| [52] | Ngayam-Happy R, Becquart C S, Domain C, Malerba L. J Nucl Mater, 2012; 426: 198 |
| [53] | Meslin E, Radiguet B, Pareige P, Barbu A. J Nucl Mater, 2010; 399: 137 |
| [54] | Meslin E, Lambrecht M, Hernandez-Mayoral M, Bergner F, Malerba L, Pareige P, Radiguet B, Barbu A, Gomez-Briceno D, Ulbricht A, Almazouzi A. J Nucl Mater, 2010; 406: 73 |
| [55] | Miller M K, Sokolov M A, Nanstad R K, Russell K F. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 351: 187 |
| [56] | Meslin E, Radiguet B, Loyer-Prost M. Acta Mater, 2013; 61: 6246 |
| [57] | Vincent E, Becquart C S, Domain C. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 359: 227 |
| [58] | Olsson P, Klaver T P C, Domain C. Phys Rev, 2010; 81B: 054102 |
| [59] | Hyde J M, Burke M G, Boothby R M, English C A. Ultramicroscopy, 2009; 109: 510 |
| [60] | Miller M K, Russell K F, Kocik J, Keilova E. J Nucl Mater, 2000; 282: 83 |
| [61] | Williams T J, Ellis D, Swan D I, McGuire J, Walley S P, English C A, Venables J H, de la cour Ray P H N. Proc 2nd Int Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, Monterey: ANS, 1986: 323 |
| [62] | Williams T J, Burch P R, English C A, de la cour Ray P H N. Proc 3rd Int Symposium on Environmental Degradation of Materials in Nuclear Power Systems-Water Reactors, New York: ASME, 1988: 121 |
| [63] | Malerba L. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 351: 28 |
| [64] | Terentyev D, Lagerstedt C, Olsson P, Nordlund K, Wallenius J, Becquart C, Malerba L. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 351: 65 |
| [65] | Fujii K, Fukuya K. J Nucl Mater, 2005; 336: 323 |
| [66] | Robertson I M, Jenkins M L, English C A. J Nucl Mater, 1982; 108: 209 |
| [67] | Horton L L, Bentley J, Farrell K. J Nucl Mater, 1982; 108: 222 |
| [68] | Hoelzer D T, Ebrahimi F. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, 1994; 373: 57 |
| [69] | Nicol A C, Jenkins M L, Kirk M A. Mater Res Soc Symp Proc, 2000; 50: Paper R1.3 |
| [70] | Nagai Y, Takadate K, Tang Z, Ohkubo H, Sunaga H, Takizawa H, Hasegawa M. Phys Rev, 2003; 67B: 224202 |
| [71] | Lambrecht M, Almazouzi A. J Nucl Mater, 2009; 385: 334 |
| [72] | Soisson F, Fu C C. Phys Rev, 2007; 76B: 214102 |
| [73] | Jourdan T, Soisson F, Clouet E, Barbu A. Acta Mater, 2010; 58: 3400 |
| [74] | Pareige P, Radiguet B, Barbu A. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 352: 75 |
| [75] | Lambrecht M, Malerba L, Almazouzi A. J Nucl Mater, 2008; 378: 282 |
| [76] | Yabuuchi K, Saito M, Kasada R, Kimura A. J Nucl Mater, 2011; 414: 498 |
| [77] | Fujii K, Ohkubo T, Fukuya K. J Nucl Mater, 2011; 417: 949 |
| [78] | Glade S C, Wirth B D, Odette G R, Asoka-Kumar P, Sterne P A, Howell R H. Philos Mag, 2005; 85: 629 |
| [79] | Nakata H, Fujii K, Fukuya K, Kasada R, Kimura A. J Nucl Sci Technol, 2006; 43: 785 |
| [80] | Bischler P J E, Wild R K. ASTM STP, 1996; 1270: 260 |
| [81] | McElroy R J, English C A, Foreman A J, Gage G, Hyde J M, Ray P H N, Vatter I A. ASTM STP, 1999; 1325: 296 |
| [82] | Kimura A, Shibata M, Kasada R, Fujii K, Fukuya K, Nakata H. ASTM STP, 2006; 1475: 212 |
| [83] | Nishiyama Y, Yamagushi M, Onizawa K, Iwase A, Matsuzawa H. J ASTM Int, 2009; 6: JAI10959 |
| [84] | Jones R B, Cowan J R, Corcoran R C, Walmsley J C. ASTM STP, 2000; 1366: 473 |
| [85] | Nikolaeva A V, Nikolaev Y A, Kryukov A M. J Nucl Mater, 1995; 218: 85 |
| [86] | Faulkner R G, Song S, Flewitt P E J, Victoria M, Marmy P. J Nucl Mater, 1998; 255: 189 |
| [87] | Lu Z, Faulkner R, Jones R, Flewitt P. ASTM STP, 2006; 1475: 180 |
| [88] | Nishiyama Y, Onizawa K, Suzuki M, Anderegg J W, Nagai Y, Toyama T, Hasegawa M, Kameda J. Acta Mater, 2008; 56: 4510 |
| [89] | Faulkner R G, Jones R B, Lu Z, Flewitt P E J. Philos Mag, 2005; 85: 2065 |
| [90] | English C A, Ortner S R, Gage G, Server W L, Rosinski S T. ASTM STP, 2001; 1405: 151 |
| [91] | Gurovich B A, Kuleshova E A, Shtrombakh Y I, Zabusov O O, Krasikov E A. J Nucl Mater, 2000; 279: 259 |
| [92] | Miller M K. J Mater Sci, 2006; 41: 7808 |
| [93] | Miller M K, Babu S S, Sokolov M A, Nanstad R K, Iskander S K. Mater Sci Eng, 2002; A327: 76 |
| [94] | Miller M K, Hetherington M G, Burke M G. Metall Trans, 1989; 20A: 2651 |
| [95] | Li Z C, Abe H, Sekimura N. J Nucl Mater, 2007; 362: 87 |
| [96] | Russell K C, Brown L M. Acta Metall, 1972; 20: 969 |
| [97] | Deschamps A, Militzer M, Poole W J. ISIJ Int, 2001; 41: 196 |
| [98] | Ma E, Atzmon M, Pinkerton F E. J Appl Phys, 1993; 74: 955 |
| [99] | Fine M E, Isheim D. Scr Mater, 2005; 53: 115 |
| [100] | Bacon D J, Osetsky Y N. Philos Mag, 2009; 89: 3333 |
| [101] | Harry T, Bacon D J. Acta Mater, 2002; 50: 209 |
| [102] | Shtrombakh Y I, Gurovich B A, Kuleshova E A, Maltsev D A, Fedotova S V, Chernobaeva A A. J Nucl Mater, 2014; 452: 348 |
| [103] | Cerezo A, Hirosawa S, Rozdilsky I, Smith G. Philos Trans R Soc London, 2003; 361A: 463 |
| [104] | Kryukov A M, Nikolaev Y A, Nikolaeva A V. Nucl Eng Des, 1998; 186: 353 |
| [105] | Bergner F, Lambrecht M, Ulbricht A, Almazouzi A. J Nucl Mater, 2010; 399: 129 |
| [106] | Hernández-Mayoral M, Gómez-Brice?o D. J Nucl Mater, 2010; 399: 146 |
| [107] | Chaouadi R, Gerard R. J Nucl Mater, 2011; 418: 137 |
| [108] | Fukuya K, Ohno K, Nakata H, Dumbill S, Hyde J M. J Nucl Mater, 2003; 312: 163 |
| [109] | Fujii K, Fukuya K, Hojo T. J Nucl Sci Technol, 2013; 50: 160 |
| [110] | Eason E D, Wright J E, Nelson E E, Odette G R, Mader E V. Nucl Eng Des, 1998; 179: 257 |
| [111] | Miller M K, Nanstad R K, Sokolov M A, Russell K F. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 351: 216 |
| [112] | Miller M K, Russell K F. J Nucl Mater, 1997; 250: 223 |
| [113] | Ulbricht A, Bergner F, Boehmert J, Valo M, Mathon M H, Heinemann A. Philos Mag, 2007; 87: 1855 |
| [114] | Bohmert J, Viehrig H W, Ulbricht A. J Nucl Mater, 2001; 297: 251 |
| [115] | Ulbricht A, Bergner F, Dewhurst C D, Heinemann A. J Nucl Mater, 2006; 353: 27 |
| [116] | Ulbricht A, Altstadt E, Bergner F, Viehrig H W, Keiderling U. J Nucl Mater, 2011; 416: 111 |
| [117] | Wagner A, Bergner F, Ulbricht A, Dewhurst C D. J Nucl Mater, 2013; 441: 487 |
| [118] | Wang W P, Li Z C, Zhang Z J, Zhang C H. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, 2014; 334B: 96 |
| [119] | Bergner F, Ulbricht A, Lindner P, Keiderling U, Malerba L. J Nucl Mater, 2014; 454: 22 |
| [120] | Liu J, Yao H J, Sun Y M, Duan J L, Hou M D, Mo D, Wang Z G, Jin Y F, Abe H, Li Z C, Sekimura N. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res, 2006; 245: 126 |
| [121] | Li Z C, Yu X Y, Miao W, Zhang Z J. Rare Met, 2011; 30: 258 |
| [122] | Latourte F, Salez T, Guery A, Rupin N, Mahe M. J Nucl Mater, 2014; 454: 373 |
| [123] | Wells P B, Yamamoto T, Miller B, Milot T, Cole J, Wu Y, Odette G R. Acta Mater, 2014; 80: 205 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
