利用冲击实验、拉伸实验、XRD和TEM对2种不同N含量的无Ni高N奥氏体不锈钢低温变形行为进行了研究. 结果表明, 高N奥氏体不锈钢在低温下发生明显的韧脆转变和加工硬化现象. 在实验材料的Mn含量水平内, 提高Mn含量能够改善高N奥氏体不锈钢的低温塑性和韧性, 降低其韧脆转变温度. 18Cr-12Mn-0.55N钢在低温拉伸变形时会发生形变诱导马氏体相变, 但马氏体转变量很少,降低温度对马氏体转变量无明显影响. 形变诱导马氏体能提高高N奥氏体不锈钢的加工硬化能力, 但降低了钢的低温塑性和韧性. 加工硬化能力和层错能随温度的降低而降低是Fe-Cr-Mn高N奥氏体不锈钢在低温下发生脆断的主要原因.
The low–temperature deformation behaviors of two high–nitrogen nickel–free austenitic stainless steels (HNSs) with different N content were investigated by impact test, tensile test, XRD and TEM. The results indicate that HNS shows apparent ductile–to–brittle transformation (DBT) and work–hardening at low temperature. In the range of the experimental steels’ Mn content, the increase of Mn content improved the plasticity and the toughness at low temperature, and decreased the DBT temperature of HNS. Deformation–induced martensite transformation occurs in steel 18Cr–12Mn–0.55N during tensile deformation at low temperature, but the content of martensite is low and the decrease of temperature has no obvious effect on its formation. Deformation–induced martensite enhances the work–hardening ability but decreases the plasticity and toughness of HNS at low temperature. The decreases of work–hardening ability and stacking fault energy with temperature decreasing are the main reasons for brittle fracture of Fe–Cr–Mn HNS at low temperature.
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