长期时效期间K452和K446合金中的γ'相形貌都保持球形, 尺寸不断粗化, 但K446中γ'相的粗化速率总体上比 K452快. 初生MC的热稳定性不仅与MC本身的化学成分密切相关, 而且与合金成分有关; 合金中γ基体的热稳定性(即晶内二次碳化物或TCP相的析出)与初生MC的热稳定性有关; 晶界粗化通过γ沉淀及镶嵌于其中的碳化物(M₂₃C₆或M₆C)的析出和长大来实现.γ'相粗化、初生MC分解、晶界粗化以及二次碳化物或TCP相的析出等, 使合金的力学性能明显下降.

K452 and K446 alloys are two newly developed Ni–based cast superalloys, designed for microstructural component applications of gas turbines in marine and industrial fields. The two alloys perform well under laboratory conditions with good fatigue resistance, hot–corrosion resistance,
and tensile– and stress–rupture properties, in addition to being completely oxidation resistant up to 900 ℃. However, due to the high contents of Cr, W and Mo, both K452 and K446 alloys tend to experience a severe microstructural degeneration when exposed at elevated temperatures. In this
paper, the microstructural stabilities and their influences on the mechanical properties of the two alloys were comparatively examined during thermal exposure at 800—900 ℃ for 1×10³—1×10⁴ h. It is found that the  γ' phases in the two alloys keep coarsening and are both spherical during the whole exposure. The coarsening rate of the γ′ phase in K446 is in general faster than that in K452, the probable reason of which is that elements diffuse faster in K446 than in K452 due to the different heat treatment regimes they suffered. The thermal stabilities of primary MC carbides are closely related to the chemical compositions of both the carbides and the alloys. The carbide in K452 is instable and tends to completely decompose via three different reactions, whereas the carbide in K446 is stablead degenerates only ta tiny degree mainly via one reaction. Primary MC degeneration in K452 releases a significant amount of C into the supersaturated  γ matrix, facilitating the formation of M₂₃C₆ throughout the alloy, whereas the MC degeneration in K446 hardly releases C into the γ matrix so that the μ phase precipitates everywhere due to the lack of C. It seems that the kind of the phase precipitated from the supersaturated matrix during thermal exposure or service is dependent on the stability of primary MC. In K452 the blocky, closely spaced grain boundary M₂₃C₆ particles engulfed in  γ′ is the optimal structure of grain boundarywhere a stress–rupture life peak occurs, whereas in K446 the precipitation of a significant amount of μ phase degrades sharply the stress–rupture life.