Research paper

Prediction of Damage and Hot Forming Limit of TA32 Titanium Alloy Based on Crystal Plasticity Model

  • FAN Ronglei ,
  • CHEN Minghe ,
  • WU Dipeng ,
  • WU Yong
Expand
  • College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
CHEN Minghe, professor, Tel: 13951809276, E-mail: meemhchen@nuaa.edu.cn

Received date: 2023-07-03

  Revised date: 2023-08-28

  Online published: 2023-12-26

Supported by

National Natural Science Foundation of China(51805256);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375345);Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(56XAC21017);China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020M670792)

Abstract

Forming limit diagram (FLD) is a crucial tool for assessing the formability of sheet metals under various forming conditions. However, conducting FLD experiments can be challenging and time-consuming requiring numerical determination of FLDs. Marciniak-Kuczyński (M-K) theory is one of the most well-known instability criteria for calculating forming limits, and the rapid development of crystal plasticity models provides a feasible framework for better understanding the relation between flow localization and material microstructure. Therefore, integrating the M-K theory with advanced crystal plasticity models offers a potential approach to precisely predict forming limits and explore the complex interaction between material behavior and microstructural characteristics. In this study, a crystal plasticity finite element (CPFE) model considering damage evolution was developed based on the microstructure and crystal orientation of a TA32 titanium alloy sheet. The material parameters for the proposed model were calibrated through uniaxial tensile tests and microstructure characterization. The internal correlation between damage evolution and the dislocation slip mechanism under different strain paths was analyzed at the grain scale. Additionally, the FLD of the TA32 sheet at 750 oC was predicted by coupling the CPFE model with the M-K theory. The results show that the proposed CPFE model accurately predicts the macroscopic mechanical response, microscopic inhomogeneous deformation, and damage evolution behavior of the TA32 sheet under different strain rates at 750 oC. The difference in the deformation behavior and damage propagation was mainly attributed to the anisotropic activation of various slip systems. The basal and prismatic slip systems of the basal bimodal texture in the original sheet were difficult to be activated under different strain paths, making it easier to induce damage than the transverse texture. The FLD predicted by the CPFE-M-K coupling model agrees well with the Nakazima test results, accurately capturing the decrease in the limit of major strain near the equibiaxial tensile region. This decrease is closely related to the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of the material. Furthermore, the change in the initial inclination angle of the groove in the CPFE-M-K coupling model considerably affects the prediction accuracy of the forming limits of the TA32 sheet. The critical initial inclination angles within the strain increment ratio ranges of -0.5-0.5 and 0.6-1.0 are 0° and 90°, respectively.

Cite this article

FAN Ronglei , CHEN Minghe , WU Dipeng , WU Yong . Prediction of Damage and Hot Forming Limit of TA32 Titanium Alloy Based on Crystal Plasticity Model[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2025 , 61(8) : 1293 -1304 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2023.00278

References

[1] Paul S K. Controlling factors of forming limit curve: A review [J]. Adv. Ind. Manuf. Eng., 2021, 2: 100033
[2] Marciniak Z, Kuczyński K. Limit strains in the processes of stretch-forming sheet metal [J]. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 1967, 9: 609
[3] Banabic D, Kami A, Comsa D S, et al. Developments of the Marciniak-Kuczynski model for sheet metal formability: A review [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2021, 287: 116446
[4] Fan R L, Wu Y, Chen M H, et al. Prediction of anisotropic deformation behavior of TA32 titanium alloy sheet during hot tension by crystal plasticity finite element model [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2022, A843: 143137
[5] Kim J H, Lee M G, Kang J H, et al. Crystal plasticity finite element analysis of ferritic stainless steel for sheet formability prediction [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2017, 93: 26
[6] Bong H J, Lee J, Hu X H, et al. Predicting forming limit diagrams for magnesium alloys using crystal plasticity finite elements [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2020, 126: 102630
[7] Cai W, Qian L Y, Sun C Y, et al. Prediction of forming limit of TWIP steel sheet based on CPFE-MK model [J]. J. Plast. Eng., 2021, 28(6): 53
  蔡 旺, 钱凌云, 孙朝阳 等. 基于CPFE-MK模型的TWIP钢板成形极限预测 [J]. 塑性工程学报, 2021, 28(6): 53
[8] Nagra J S, Brahme A, Mishra R, et al. An efficient full-field crystal plasticity-based M-K framework to study the effect of 3D microstructural features on the formability of polycrystalline materials [J]. Modell. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 26: 075002
[9] Li Z H, Zhou G W, Li D Y, et al. Forming limits of magnesium alloy AZ31B sheet at elevated temperatures [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2020, 135: 102822
[10] Wang Q J, Liu J R, Yang R. High temperature titanium alloys: Status and perspective [J]. J. Aeronaut. Mater., 2014, 34(4): 1
  王清江, 刘建荣, 杨 锐. 高温钛合金的现状与前景 [J]. 航空材料学报, 2014, 34(4): 1
[11] Kumar S S S, Pavithra B, Singh V, et al. Tensile anisotropy associated microstructural and microtextural evolution in a metastable beta titanium alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, A747: 1
[12] Fan R L, Chen M H, Wu Y, et al. Prediction and experiment of fracture behavior in hot press forming of a TA32 titanium alloy rolled sheet [J]. Metals, 2018, 8: 985
[13] Zhang C, Xu X W, Mao C J. Progressive damage simulation and strength prediction of 3D braided composites [J]. Acta Mater. Compos. Sin., 2011, 28(2): 222
  张 超, 许希武, 毛春见. 三维编织复合材料渐进损伤模拟及强度预测 [J]. 复合材料学报, 2011, 28(2): 222
[14] Asaro R J, Rice J R. Strain localization in ductile single crystals [J]. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 1977, 25: 309
[15] Zhao J, Lv L X, Liu G, et al. Analysis of deformation inhomogeneity and slip mode of TA15 titanium alloy sheets during the hot tensile process based on crystal plasticity model [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A707: 30
[16] Busso E P, Meissonnier F T, O'Dowd N P. Gradient-dependent deformation of two-phase single crystals [J]. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2000, 48: 2333
[17] Kocks U F, Mecking H. Physics and phenomenology of strain hardening: The FCC case [J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2003, 48: 171
[18] Hu Q, Zhang F F, Li X F, et al. Overview on the prediction models for sheet metal forming failure: Necking and ductile fracture [J]. Acta Mech. Solida Sin., 2018, 31: 259
[19] Wu D, Liu L B, Zhang L G, et al. Tensile deformation mechanism and micro-void nucleation of Ti-55531 alloy with bimodal microstructure [J]. J. Mater. Res. Technol., 2020, 9: 15442
[20] Freudenthal A M. The Inelastic Behavior of Engineering Materials and Structures [M]. New York: Wiley, 1950: 128
[21] Zhao J, Wang K H, Lv L X, et al. Analysing the interaction between microscopic deformation, microstructure and void evolution of near-α titanium alloys during non-superplastic hot deformation by an integrated crystal plasticity finite element model [J]. Materials, 2022, 15: 294
[22] Hu Q, Li X F, Chen J. New robust algorithms for Marciniak-Kuczynski model to calculate the forming limit diagrams [J]. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2018, 148: 293
[23] Alabort E, Kontis P, Barba D, et al. On the mechanisms of superplasticity in Ti-6Al-4V [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 105: 449
[24] Kim J Y, Rokhlin S I. Determination of elastic constants of generally anisotropic inclined lamellar structure using line-focus acoustic microscopy [J]. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2009, 126: 2998
[25] Bai Q, Lin J, Dean T A, et al. Modelling of dominant softening mechanisms for Ti-6Al-4V in steady state hot forming conditions [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2013, A559: 352
[26] Wu Y, Fan R L, Chen M H, et al. High-temperature anisotropic behaviors and microstructure evolution mechanisms of a near-α Ti-alloy sheet [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, A820: 141560
[27] Signorelli J W, Serenelli M J, Bertinetti M A. Experimental and numerical study of the role of crystallographic texture on the formability of an electro-galvanized steel sheet [J]. J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2012, 212: 1367
[28] Cyr E, Mohammadi M, Brahme A, et al. Modeling the formability of aluminum alloys at elevated temperatures using a new thermo-elasto-viscoplastic crystal plasticity framework [J]. Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2017, 128-129: 312
[29] Wang Y B, Zhang C S, Yang Y, et al. The integration of through-thickness normal stress and friction stress in the M-K model to improve the accuracy of predicted FLCs [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2019, 120: 147
Outlines

/