Synergistic Effect of Magnetic Field and Grain Size on Martensite Nucleation and Variant Selection
Received date: 2021-05-17
Revised date: 2021-07-01
Online published: 2021-11-22
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1808208);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51961130389);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52011530032)
Extrinsic (magnetic fields) and intrinsic (austenite grain sizes) factors can effectively control the martensitic transformation. Until now, research has mainly focused on the separate effects of magnetic fields and austenite grain sizes on the kinetics of the martensitic transformation. Systematic studies considering the coupling effects of magnetic fields and austenite grain sizes on the temperature at which martensite is formed (Ms), the final volume fraction of the transformed martensite, and the kinetics of the martensitic transformation during continuous cooling are still lacking. Furthermore, no study has yet been reported on the mechanism underlying how magnetic fields and austenite grain sizes affect the martensitic transformation. In this study, SUS321 stainless steel is used to investigate the effect of grain size on the kinetics and mechanisms of the martensitic transformation during continuous cooling from 300 K to 4 K under various magnetic fields by using the physical property measurement system (PPMS). The results show that at a constant grain size, the Ms temperature and the final amount of martensite increase as a function of the magnetic field magnitude. Under the same magnetic field, a critical austenite grain size exists, which obviously accelerates the martensitic transformation during cooling. Detailed microstructural characterizations also show that the external magnetic field effectively promotes the formation of ε nucleation sites, which consequently enhances the nucleation rate of α′-martensite and its transformation during further cooling. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the previously found phenomenological results. Additionally, in-depth crystallographic analyses also demonstrate that although the magnetic field promotes ε nucleation, the variant selection during the γ→ε transformation is insensitive to the magnetic field magnitude, unlike the austenite grain size. Under the same magnetic field, the increase in the austenite grain size results in more ε variants during cooling. The collision of similar ε variants restricts the growth of martensite laths and retards the martensitic transformation in coarse-grained austenite. The variant selection of the final transformation ε→α′ is insensitive to the magnetic field magnitude and the austenite grain size.
Jiahua YUAN , Qiuhong ZHANG , Jinliang WANG , Lingyu WANG , Chenchong WANG , Wei XU . Synergistic Effect of Magnetic Field and Grain Size on Martensite Nucleation and Variant Selection[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022 , 58(12) : 1570 -1580 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00204
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