Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Precipitation- Hardened Fe53Mn15Ni15Cr10Al4Ti2C1 High-Entropy Alloy
Received date: 2021-06-10
Revised date: 2021-08-30
Online published: 2021-09-13
Supported by
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N180204015);Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC1808027);Special Research Assistant Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and IMR Innovation Fund(2021-PY16)
There has been significant progress in the development of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) with unconventional compositions in the past decade to meet the demand from a wide variety of industries, such as automotive, shipbuilding, and aerospace. The fcc HEAs have attracted growing attention due to their superior mechanical and functional properties. However, these HEAs exhibit low or modest yield strength, limiting their potential industrial application. To enhance the strength of the fcc HEAs, materials researchers are exploring additional strengthening methods, such as grain refinement, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation strengthening. However, the strengthening approaches mentioned above suffer from the trade-off dilemma between strength and ductility. In this study, a new precipitation-hardened Fe53Mn15Ni15Cr10Al4Ti2C1 HEA was designed by adding Al, Ti, and C elements based on the fcc HEA. Then the HEA was treated utilizing heavy-deformation and various heat-treatment processes, tuning the microstructure and precipitate. The cold-rolled alloy microstructure presented rolling bands (including deformation twins) and a significant dislocation density. Furthermore, the HEA microstructure consists of rolling bands, high-density dislocations, and nanoscale precipitates following heat treatment at medium temperatures for an extended period. In particular, the HEA possessed a superior balance between strength and ductility, resulting from the significant precipitation strengthening effect of L12 precipitates that were coherent with the matrix in the microstructure as well as the improved strain-hardening ability due to the recovery of dislocations. The precipitation-hardened HEA with an inhomogeneous microstructure could be obtained through heat treatment at medium temperatures over long periods, which exhibited an excellent strength-ductility relationship.
Shijie SUN , Yanzhong TIAN , Zhefeng ZHANG . Strengthening and Toughening Mechanisms of Precipitation- Hardened Fe53Mn15Ni15Cr10Al4Ti2C1 High-Entropy Alloy[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022 , 58(1) : 54 -66 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00242
| 1 | Yeh J W , Chen S K , Lin S J , et al . Nanostructured high-entropy alloys with multiple principal elements: Novel alloy design concepts and outcomes [J]. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2004, 6: 299 |
| 2 | Zhang Y , Zuo T T , Tang Z , et al . Microstructures and properties of high-entropy alloys [J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2014, 61: 1 |
| 3 | Sun S J , Tian Y Z , An X H , et al . Ultrahigh cryogenic strength and exceptional ductility in ultrafine-grained CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy with fully recrystallized structure [J]. Mater. Today Nano, 2018, 4: 46 |
| 4 | Schuh B , Mendez-Martin F , V?lker B , et al . Mechanical properties, microstructure and thermal stability of a nanocrystalline CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy after severe plastic deformation [J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 96: 258 |
| 5 | Sun S J , Tian Y Z , Lin H R , et al . Enhanced strength and ductility of bulk CoCrFeMnNi high entropy alloy having fully recrystallized ultrafine-grained structure [J]. Mater. Des., 2017, 133: 122 |
| 6 | He F , Chen D , Han B , et al . Design of D022 superlattice with superior strengthening effect in high entropy alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 167: 275 |
| 7 | Qin G , Chen R R , Liaw P K , et al . A novel face-centered-cubic high-entropy alloy strengthened by nanoscale precipitates [J]. Scr. Mater., 2019, 172: 51 |
| 8 | Wang Z W , Baker I , Cai Z H , et al . The effect of interstitial carbon on the mechanical properties and dislocation substructure evolution in Fe40.4Ni11.3Mn34.8Al7.5Cr6 high entropy alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 120: 228 |
| 9 | Sun S J , Tian Y Z , Lin H R , et al . Revisiting the role of prestrain history in the mechanical properties of ultrafine-grained CoCrFe-MnNi high-entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2021, A801: 140398 |
| 10 | Wu Z G , Guo W , Jin K , et al . Enhanced strength and ductility of a tungsten-doped CoCrNi medium-entropy alloy [J]. J. Mater. Res., 2018, 33: 3301 |
| 11 | Li Z M . Interstitial equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloys: Carbon content, microstructure, and compositional homogeneity effects on deformation behavior [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 164: 400 |
| 12 | He J Y , Wang H , Huang H L , et al . A precipitation-hardened high-entropy alloy with outstanding tensile properties [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 102: 187 |
| 13 | Tong Y , Chen D , Han B , et al . Outstanding tensile properties of a precipitation-strengthened FeCoNiCrTi0.2 high-entropy alloy at room and cryogenic temperatures [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 165: 228 |
| 14 | Yang T , Zhao Y L , Tong Y , et al . Multicomponent intermetallic nanoparticles and superb mechanical behaviors of complex alloys [J]. Science, 2018, 362: 933 |
| 15 | Choudhuri D , Alam T , Borkar T , et al . Formation of a Huesler-like L21 phase in a CoCrCuFeNiAlTi high-entropy alloy [J]. Scr. Mater., 2015, 100: 36 |
| 16 | Shi P J , Li Y , Wen Y B , et al . A precipitate-free AlCoFeNi eutectic high-entropy alloy with strong strain hardening [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 89: 88 |
| 17 | Ritchie R O . The conflicts between strength and toughness [J]. Nat. Mater., 2011, 10: 817 |
| 18 | Zhu Y T , Wu X L . Perspective on hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening and back stress [J]. Mater. Res. Lett., 2019, 7: 393 |
| 19 | Huang C X , Wang Y F , Ma X L , et al . Interface affected zone for optimal strength and ductility in heterogeneous laminate [J]. Mater. Today, 2018, 21: 713 |
| 20 | Wang H W , He Z F , Jia N . Microstructure and mechanical properties of a FeMnCoCr high-entropy alloy with heterogeneous structure [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2021, 57: 632 |
| 20 | 王洪伟, 何竹风, 贾 楠 . 非均匀组织FeMnCoCr高熵合金的微观结构和力学性能 [J]. 金属学报, 2021, 57: 632 |
| 21 | Sun S J , Tian Y Z , Lin H R , et al . Achieving high ductility in the 1.7? GPa grade CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy at 77? K [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng, 2019, A740-741: 336 |
| 22 | Sun S J , Tian Y Z , Lin H R , et al . Modulating the prestrain history to optimize strength and ductility in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy [J]. Scr. Mater., 2019, 163: 111 |
| 23 | Fu Z Q , Macdonald B E , Li Z M , et al . Engineering heterostructured grains to enhance strength in a single-phase high-entropy alloy with maintained ductility [J]. Mater. Res. Lett., 2018, 6: 634 |
| 24 | Slone C E , Miao J , George E P , et al . Achieving ultra-high strength and ductility in equiatomic CrCoNi with partially recrystallized microstructures [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 165: 496 |
| 25 | Chang R B , Fang W , Yu H Y , et al . Heterogeneous banded precipitation of (CoCrNi)93Mo7 medium entropy alloys towards strength-ductility synergy utilizing compositional inhomogeneity [J]. Scr. Mater., 2019, 172: 144 |
| 26 | Donadille C , Valle R , Dervin P , et al . Development of texture and microstructure during cold-rolling and annealing of F.C.C. alloys: Example of an austenitic stainless steel [J]. Acta Metall., 1989, 37: 1547 |
| 27 | Di Schino A , Kenny J M , Abbruzzese G . Analysis of the recrystallization and grain growth processes in AISI 316 stainless steel [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2002, 37: 5291 |
| 28 | Zhao Y L , Yang T , Tong Y , et al . Heterogeneous precipitation behavior and stacking-fault-mediated deformation in a CoCrNi-based medium-entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 138: 72 |
| 29 | Joshi C , Abinandanan T A , Choudhury A . Phase field modelling of rayleigh instabilities in the solid-state [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 109: 286 |
| 30 | Otto F , Dlouhy A , Somsen C , et al . The influences of temperature and microstructure on the tensile properties of a CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 5743 |
| 31 | Sun S J , Tian Y Z , Lin H R , et al . Temperature dependence of the Hall-Petch relationship in CoCrFeMnNi high-entropy alloy [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 806: 992 |
| 32 | Gludovatz B , Hohenwarter A , Catoor D , et al . A fracture-resistant high-entropy alloy for cryogenic applications [J]. Science, 2014, 345: 1153 |
| 33 | Wu Z G , Parish C M , Bei H B . Nano-twin mediated plasticity in carbon-containing FeNiCoCrMn high entropy alloys [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 647: 815 |
| 34 | Laplanche G , Kostka A , Reinhart C , et al . Reasons for the superior mechanical properties of medium-entropy CrCoNi compared to high-entropy CrMnFeCoNi [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 128: 292 |
| 35 | Miao J S , Slone C E , Smith T M , et al . The evolution of the deformation substructure in a Ni-Co-Cr equiatomic solid solution alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 132: 35 |
| 36 | Wu Z G , Bei H B , Pharr G M , et al . Temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of equiatomic solid solution alloys with face-centered cubic crystal structures [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 81: 428 |
| 37 | Li D Y , Li C X , Feng T , et al . High-entropy Al0.3CoCrFeNi alloy fibers with high tensile strength and ductility at ambient and cryogenic temperatures [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 123: 285 |
| 38 | Li D Y , Zhang Y . The ultrahigh charpy impact toughness of forged AlxCoCrFeNi high entropy alloys at room and cryogenic temperatures [J]. Intermetallics, 2016, 70: 24 |
| 39 | Jo Y H , Jung S , Choi W M , et al . Cryogenic strength improvement by utilizing room-temperature deformation twinning in a partially recrystallized VCrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy [J]. Nat. Commun., 2017, 8: 15719 |
| 40 | Wu Z G , Bei H B . Microstructures and mechanical properties of compositionally complex Co-free FeNiMnCr18 FCC solid solution alloy [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, A640: 217 |
| 41 | Chen L B , Wei R , Tang K , et al . Ductile-brittle transition of carbon alloyed Fe40Mn40Co10Cr10 high entropy alloys [J]. Mater. Lett., 2019, 236: 416 |
| 42 | Bhattacharjee T , Zheng R X , Chong Y , et al . Effect of low temperature on tensile properties of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy [J]. Mater. Chem. Phys., 2018, 210: 207 |
| 43 | Liu W H , Lu Z P , He J Y , et al . Ductile CoCrFeNiMo x high entropy alloys strengthened by hard intermetallic phases [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 116: 332 |
| 44 | Ming K S , Bi X F , Wang J . Realizing strength-ductility combination of coarse-grained Al0.2Co1.5CrFeNi1.5Ti0.3 alloy via nano-sized, coherent precipitates [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2018, 100: 177 |
| 45 | Odnobokova M , Belyakov A , Kaibyshev R . Effect of severe cold or warm deformation on microstructure evolution and tensile behavior of a 316L stainless steel [J]. Adv. Eng. Mater., 2015, 17: 1812 |
| 46 | Li J S , Cao Y , Gao B , et al . Superior strength and ductility of 316L stainless steel with heterogeneous lamella structure [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2018, 53: 10442 |
| 47 | Cheng Q , Xu X D , Xie P , et al . Unveiling anneal hardening in dilute Al-doped Al x CoCrFeMnNi (x = 0, 0.1) high-entropy alloys [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2021, 91: 270 |
| 48 | Gu J , Song M . Annealing-induced abnormal hardening in a cold rolled CrMnFeCoNi high entropy alloy [J]. Scr. Mater., 2019, 162: 345 |
| 49 | Pickering E J , Mu?oz-Moreno R , Stone H J , et al . Precipitation in the equiatomic high-entropy alloy CrMnFeCoNi [J]. Scr. Mater., 2016, 113: 106 |
| 50 | Nembach E V . Particle Strengthening of Metals and Alloys [M]. New York: John Wiley, 1997: 1 |
| 51 | Vo N Q , Liebscher C H , Rawlings M J S , et al . Creep properties and microstructure of a precipitation-strengthened ferritic Fe-Al-Ni-Cr alloy [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 71: 89 |
| 52 | Shao C W , Zhang P , Zhu Y K , et al . Simultaneous improvement of strength and plasticity: Additional work-hardening from gradient microstructure [J]. Acta Mater., 2018, 145: 413 |
| 53 | Gil Sevillano J , de las Cuevas F . Internal stresses and the mechanism of work hardening in twinning-induced plasticity steels [J]. Scr. Mater., 2012, 66: 978 |
| 54 | Gutierrez-Urrutia I , Raabe D . Dislocation and twin substructure evolution during strain hardening of an Fe-22 wt.%Mn-0.6 wt.%C TWIP steel observed by electron channeling contrast imaging [J]. Acta Mater., 2011, 59: 6449 |
| 55 | Gutierrez-Urrutia I , Raabe D . Multistage strain hardening through dislocation substructure and twinning in a high strength and ductile weight-reduced Fe-Mn-Al-C steel [J]. Acta Mater., 2012, 60: 5791 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
