Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Sulfide Characteristics and Microstructure in Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel
Received date: 2021-01-06
Revised date: 2021-04-06
Online published: 2021-06-29
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0300103)
A rare-earth Ce microalloyed non-quenching and tempering steel was designed. The morphology, quantity, and size of inclusions in non-quenched and tempered steel with different Ce contents were characterized by SEM, EDS, and ASPEX, as well as the metallography of the test steels. The formation process of Ce sulfide inclusion was analyzed by Thermo-Calc thermodynamic software, and the element distribution at grain boundary and phase interface was characterized by 3DAP. The results showed that Ce combined with S to form Ce3S4 inclusion which then transformed into Ce2S3 inclusion, and finally formed the composite inclusion with Ce2S3 as the core and Ti4C2S2 and MnS as the cladding growth. The aspect ratio of more than 90% inclusions in the steel test with Ce element is less than 2.5; the microstructure of the steel was the smallest with an average grain size of 4.17 μm when the Ce content was 0.019% (mass fraction). The results of 3DAP prove that Ce segregates at the grain boundary and phase boundary, which hinder the diffusion of C and inhibit the growth of grain. In addition, the finely dispersed Ce inclusions as nucleation particles also refine the microstructure of the non-quenched and tempered steel.
Jie LIU , Le XU , Chao SHI , Shaopeng YANG , Xiaofei HE , Maoqiu WANG , Jie SHI . Effect of Rare Earth Ce on Sulfide Characteristics and Microstructure in Non-Quenched and Tempered Steel[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2022 , 58(3) : 365 -374 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2021.00011
| 1 | Stuart H. The properties and processing of microalloyed HSLA steels [J]. JOM, 1991, 43(1): 35 |
| 2 | Paules J R. Developments in HSLA steel products [J]. JOM, 1991, 43(1): 41 |
| 3 | Lu J L, Cheng G G, Tan B, et al. Effect of Zr, Al addition on characteristics of MnS and formation of intragranular ferrite in non-quenched and tempered steel [J]. ISIJ Int., 2018, 58: 921 |
| 4 | Lu J L, Cheng G G, Chen L, et al. Distribution and morphology of MnS inclusions in resulfurized non-quenched and tempered steel with Zr addition [J]. ISIJ Int., 2018, 58: 1307 |
| 5 | Chen H X, Zhou P, Chen A J, et al. Development of free cutting steel for automobile [J]. Chin. Metall., 2001, (3): 32 |
| 5 | 陈洪星, 周 平, 陈爱洁等. 汽车用易切削钢的开发 [J]. 中国冶金, 2001, (3): 32 |
| 6 | Li M L. Study on formation behavior and homogenization control of sulfide inclusions in free-cutting non-quenched and tempered steel [D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2015 |
| 6 | 李梦龙. 易切削非调质钢中硫化物生成行为与均匀化控制研究 [D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2015 |
| 7 | Sun H, Wu L P, Xie J B, et al. Inclusions modification and improvement of machinability in a non-quenched and tempered steel with Mg treatment [J]. Metall. Res. Technol., 2020, 117: 208 |
| 8 | Lin S G, Yang H H, Su Y H, et al. CALPHAD-assisted morphology control of manganese sulfide inclusions in free-cutting steels [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 779: 844 |
| 9 | Shen P, Fu J X. Morphology study on inclusion modifications using Mg-Ca treatment in resulfurized special steel [J]. Materials, 2019, 12: 197 |
| 10 | Ma Q Q, Wu C C, Cheng G G, et al. Characteristic and formation mechanism of inclusions in 2205 duplex stainless steel containing rare earth elements [J]. Mater. Today: Proc., 2015, 2(suppl.2): S300 |
| 11 | Zhang Q S, Min Y, Xu J J, et al. Formation and evolution behavior of inclusions in Al-killed resulfurized free-cutting steel with magnesium treatment [J]. J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2020, 27: 631 |
| 12 | Dong H Y, Hu L J, Liang W Y, et al. Effect of rare earth element Ce on corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel [J]. Corros. Sci. Prot. Technol., 2018, 30: 489 |
| 12 | 董海英, 胡丽娟, 梁婉怡等. 稀土Ce对316L不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响 [J]. 腐蚀科学与防护技术, 2018, 30: 489 |
| 13 | Wang L M, Lin Q, Ji J W, et al. New study concerning development of application of rare earth metals in steels [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2006, 408-412: 384 |
| 14 | Huang Y, Cheng G G, Xie Y. Modification mechanism of cerium on the inclusions in drill steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2018, 54: 1253 |
| 14 | 黄 宇, 成国光, 谢 有. 稀土Ce对钎具钢中夹杂物的改质机理研究 [J]. 金属学报, 2018, 54: 1253 |
| 15 | Huang Y, Cheng G G, Li S J, et al. Precipitation mechanism and thermal stability of primary carbide in Ce microalloyed H13 steel [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2019, 55: 1487 |
| 15 | 黄 宇, 成国光, 李世健等. Ce微合金化H13钢中一次碳化物的析出机理及热稳定性研究 [J]. 金属学报, 2019, 55: 1487 |
| 16 | Torkamani H, Raygan S, Garcia Mateo C, et al. Contributions of rare earth element (La, Ce) addition to the impact toughness of low carbon cast niobium microalloyed steels [J]. Met. Mater. Int., 2018, 24: 773 |
| 17 | Adabavazeh Z, Hwang W S, Su Y H. Effect of adding cerium on microstructure and morphology of Ce-based inclusions formed in low-carbon steel [J]. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7: 46503 |
| 18 | Torkamani H, Raygan S, Mateo C G, et al. The Influence of La and Ce addition on inclusion modification in cast niobium micro-alloyed steels [J]. Metals, 2017, 7: 377 |
| 19 | Liu D L, Wang Y L, Huo X D, et al. Crain refinement and strengthening of low garbon steel by CSP technology [J]. Acta Metall. Sin., 2002, 38: 647 |
| 19 | 柳得橹, 王元立, 霍向东等. CSP低碳钢的晶粒细化与强韧化 [J]. 金属学报, 2002, 38: 647 |
| 20 | Aranda M M, Kim B, Rementeria R, et al. Effect of prior austenite grain size on pearlite transformation in a hypoeuctectoid Fe-C-Mn steel [J]. Metall. Mater. Trans., 2014, 45A: 1778 |
| 21 | Zhao H T, Palmiere E J. Effect of austenite grain size on acicular ferrite transformation in a HSLA steel [J]. Mater. Charact., 2018, 145: 479 |
| 22 | Liang Y L, Yi Y L, Long S L, et al. Effect of rare earth elements on isothermal transformation kinetics in Si-Mn-Mo bainite steels [J]. J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2014, 23: 4251 |
| 23 | Jiang Z H, Wang P, Li D Z, et al. Effects of rare earth on microstructure and impact toughness of low alloy Cr-Mo-V steels for hydrogenation reactor vessels [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 45: 1 |
| 24 | Bhattacharya A, Mondal K, Upadhyay C S, et al. A phase-field investigation of the effect of grain-boundary diffusion on austenite to ferrite transformation [J]. Comput. Mater. Sci., 2020, 173: 109428 |
| 25 | Wang L M, Lin Q, Yue L J, et al. Study of application of rare earth elements in advanced low alloy steels [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2008, 451: 534 |
| 26 | Suito H, Ohta H, Morioka S. Refinement of solidification microstructure and austenite grain by fine inclusion particles [J]. ISIJ Int., 2006, 46: 840 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
