Received date: 2020-11-02
Revised date: 2021-01-18
Online published: 2021-01-26
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52022100);Youth Innovation Promotion Association, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2020194)
Metallic glasses (MGs) are one of the most attractive topics in the field of condensed physics and materials science because of their unique structure and excellent properties. As a metastable material, MGs tend to present a transition toward a more stable low-energy state under applied stress or high-temperature, known as aging or structural relaxation, accompanied by a decrease in deformability at room temperature. Rejuvenation of MGs is a converse process of aging/relaxation, which transforms the materials to their previous and higher-energy states. Rejuvenation greatly expands the energy range of MGs, which not only significantly improves the deformation capability of MGs, but also provides a new opportunity to explore the atomic structure, glass transition, and deformation mechanisms of MGs. This article reviews the recent progress in the study of rejuvenation, including the methods of rejuvenation of MGs, the effect of rejuvenation behavior on microstructures, mechanical properties, and functional characteristics. Finally, a brief outlook on the study of the rejuvenation behavior of MGs is presented.
Key words： metallic glass; rejuvenation; energy state; microstructure; deformation behavior
Jie PAN , Fenghui DUAN . Rejuvenation Behaviors in Metallic Glasses[J]. Acta Metall Sin, 2021 , 57(4) : 439 -452 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2020.00441
| 1 | Klement W, Willens R H, Duwez P. Non-crystalline structure in solidified gold-silicon alloys [J]. Nature, 1960, 187: 869 |
| 2 | Johnson W L. Bulk glass-forming metallic alloys: Science and technology [J]. MRS Bull., 1999, 24: 42 |
| 3 | Inoue A. Stabilization of metallic supercooled liquid and bulk amorphous alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2000, 48: 279 |
| 4 | Wang W H, Dong C, Shek C H. Bulk metallic glasses [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2004, R44: 45 |
| 5 | Greer A L. Metallic glasses...on the threshold [J]. Mater. Today, 2009, 12: 14 |
| 6 | Lu K, Lu L, Suresh S. Strengthening materials by engineering coherent internal boundaries at the nanoscale [J]. Science, 2009, 324: 349 |
| 7 | Turnbull D, Cohen M H. Free-volume model of the amorphous phase: Glass transition [J]. J. Chem. Phys., 1961, 34: 120 |
| 8 | Spaepen F. A microscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses [J]. Acta Metall., 1977, 25: 407 |
| 9 | Wang W H. The elastic properties, elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses [J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2012, 57: 487 |
| 10 | Debenedetti P G, Stillinger F H. Supercooled liquids and the glass transition [J]. Nature, 2001, 410: 259 |
| 11 | Sun Y H, Concustell A, Greer A L. Thermomechanical processing of metallic glasses: Extending the range of the glassy state [J]. Nat. Rev. Mater., 2016, 1: 16039 |
| 12 | Parisi G, Sciortino F. Structural glasses: Flying to the bottom [J]. Nat. Mater., 2013, 12: 94 |
| 13 | Tong Y, Iwashita T, Dmowski W, et al. Structural rejuvenation in bulk metallic glasses [J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 86: 240 |
| 14 | Ketov S V, Sun Y H, Nachum S, et al. Rejuvenation of metallic glasses by non-affine thermal strain [J]. Nature, 2015, 524: 200 |
| 15 | Hufnagel T C. Cryogenic rejuvenation [J]. Nat. Mater., 2015, 14: 867 |
| 16 | Guo W, Saida J, Zhao M, et al. Non-thermal crystallization process in heterogeneous metallic glass upon deep cryogenic cycling treatment [J]. J. Mater. Sci., 2019, 54: 8778 |
| 17 | Kang S J, Cao Q P, Liu J, et al. Intermediate structural state for maximizing the rejuvenation effect in metallic glass via thermo-cycling treatment [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 795: 493 |
| 18 | Guo W, Saida J, Zhao M, et al. Unconspicuous rejuvenation of a Pd-based metallic glass upon deep cryogenic cycling treatment [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, A759: 59 |
| 19 | Sohrabi S, Ri M C, Jiang H Y, et al. Prominent role of chemical heterogeneity on cryogenic rejuvenation and thermomechanical properties of La-Al-Ni metallic glass [J]. Intermetallics, 2019, 111: 106497 |
| 20 | Guo W, Shao Y M, Saida J, et al. Rejuvenation and plasticization of Zr-based bulk metallic glass with various Ta content upon deep cryogenic cycling [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 795: 314 |
| 21 | Guo W, Saida J, Zhao M, et al. Rejuvenation of Zr-based bulk metallic glass matrix composite upon deep cryogenic cycling [J]. Mater. Lett., 2019, 247: 135 |
| 22 | Gu J L, Luan H W, Zhao S F, et al. Unique energy-storage behavior related to structural heterogeneity in high-entropy metallic glass [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, A786: 139417 |
| 23 | Ketov S V, Trifonov A S, Ivanov Y P, et al. On cryothermal cycling as a method for inducing structural changes in metallic glasses [J]. NPG Asia Mater., 2018, 10: 137 |
| 24 | Liu W H, Sun B A, Gleiter H, et al. Nanoscale structural evolution and anomalous mechanical response of nanoglasses by cryogenic thermal cycling [J]. Nano Lett., 2018, 18: 4188 |
| 25 | Li B S, Xie S H, Kruzic J J. Toughness enhancement and heterogeneous softening of a cryogenically cycled Zr-Cu-Ni-Al-Nb bulk metallic glass [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 176: 278 |
| 26 | Saida J, Yamada R, Wakeda M. Recovery of less relaxed state in Zr-Al-Ni-Cu bulk metallic glass annealed above glass transition temperature [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 103: 221910 |
| 27 | Wakeda M, Saida J, Li J, et al. Controlled rejuvenation of amorphous metals with thermal processing [J]. Sci. Rep., 2015, 5: 10545 |
| 28 | Küchemann S, Derlet P M, Liu C Y, et al. Energy storage in metallic glasses via flash annealing [J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2018, 28: 1805385 |
| 29 | Kosiba K, ?opu D, Scudino S, et al. Modulating heterogeneity and plasticity in bulk metallic glasses: Role of interfaces on shear banding [J]. Int. J. Plast., 2019, 119: 156 |
| 30 | Xiao Q R, Huang L P, Shi Y F. Suppression of shear banding in amorphous ZrCuAl nanopillars by irradiation [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2013, 113: 083514 |
| 31 | Raghavan R, Boopathy K, Ghisleni R, et al. Ion irradiation enhances the mechanical performance of metallic glasses [J]. Scr. Mater., 2010, 62: 462 |
| 32 | Heo J, Kim S, Ryu S, et al. Delocalized plastic flow in proton-irradiated monolithic metallic glasses [J]. Sci. Rep., 2016, 6: 23244 |
| 33 | Sun K, Wang G, Wang Y W, et al. Structural rejuvenation and relaxation of a metallic glass induced by ion irradiation [J]. Scr. Mater., 2020, 180: 34 |
| 34 | Magagnosc D J, Kumar G, Schroers J, et al. Effect of ion irradiation on tensile ductility, strength and fictive temperature in metallic glass nanowires [J]. Acta Mater., 2014, 74: 165 |
| 35 | Bian X L, Wang G, Chen H C, et al. Manipulation of free volumes in a metallic glass through Xe-ion irradiation [J]. Acta Mater., 2016, 106: 66 |
| 36 | Fu C C, Dalla Torre J, Willaime F, et al. Multiscale modelling of defect kinetics in irradiated iron [J]. Nat. Mater., 2005, 4: 68 |
| 37 | Baumer R E, Demkowicz M J. Radiation response of amorphous metal alloys: Subcascades, thermal spikes and super-quenched zones [J]. Acta Mater., 2015, 83: 419 |
| 38 | Zhao L, Chan K C, Chen S H, et al. Tunable tensile ductility of metallic glasses with partially rejuvenated amorphous structures [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 169: 122 |
| 39 | Wang C, Yang Z Z, Ma T, et al. High stored energy of metallic glasses induced by high pressure [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2017, 110: 111901 |
| 40 | Liu M, Jiang H Y, Liu X Z, et al. Energy state and properties controlling of metallic glasses by surface rejuvenation [J]. Intermetallics, 2019, 112: 106549 |
| 41 | Küchemann S, Maa? R. Gamma relaxation in bulk metallic glasses [J]. Scr. Mater., 2017, 137: 5 |
| 42 | Greer A L, Sun Y H. Stored energy in metallic glasses due to strains within the elastic limit [J]. Philos. Mag., 2016, 96: 1643 |
| 43 | Park K W, Lee C M, Wakeda M, et al. Elastostatically induced structural disordering in amorphous alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2008, 56: 5440 |
| 44 | Lee J C. Calorimetric study of β-relaxation in an amorphous alloy: An experimental technique for measuring the activation energy for shear transformation [J]. Intermetallics, 2014, 44: 116 |
| 45 | Ross P, Küchemann S, Derlet P M, et al. Linking macroscopic rejuvenation to nano-elastic fluctuations in a metallic glass [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 138: 111 |
| 46 | Wang Y M, Zhang M, Liu L. Mechanical annealing in the homogeneous deformation of bulk metallic glass under elastostatic compression [J]. Scr. Mater., 2015, 102: 67 |
| 47 | Priezjev N V. Aging and rejuvenation during elastostatic loading of amorphous alloys: A molecular dynamics simulation study [J]. Comput. Mater. Sci., 2019, 168: 125 |
| 48 | Lou Y, Liu X, Yang X L, et al. Fast rejuvenation in bulk metallic glass induced by ultrasonic vibration precompression [J]. Intermetallics, 2020, 118: 106687 |
| 49 | Sohrabi S, Li M X, Bai H Y, et al. Energy storage oscillation of metallic glass induced by high-intensity elastic stimulation [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2020, 116: 081901 |
| 50 | Wang D P, Yang Y, Niu X R, et al. Resonance ultrasonic actuation and local structural rejuvenation in metallic glasses [J]. Phys. Rev., 2017, 95B: 235407 |
| 51 | Meng F Q, Tsuchiya K, Ii S, et al. Reversible transition of deformation mode by structural rejuvenation and relaxation in bulk metallic glass [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2012, 101: 121914 |
| 52 | Qiang J, Tsuchiya K. Composition dependence of mechanically-induced structural rejuvenation in Zr-Cu-Al-Ni metallic glasses [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 712: 250 |
| 53 | Dmowski W, Yokoyama Y, Chuang A, et al. Structural rejuvenation in a bulk metallic glass induced by severe plastic deformation [J]. Acta Mater., 2010, 58: 429 |
| 54 | González S, Fornell J, Pellicer E, et al. Influence of the shot-peening intensity on the structure and near-surface mechanical properties of Ti40Zr10Cu38Pd12 bulk metallic glass [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2013, 103: 211907 |
| 55 | Concustell A, Méar F O, Suri?ach S, et al. Structural relaxation and rejuvenation in a metallic glass induced by shot-peening [J]. Philos. Mag. Lett., 2009, 89: 831 |
| 56 | Meylan C M, Orava J, Greer A L. Rejuvenation through plastic deformation of a La-based metallic glass measured by fast-scanning calorimetry [J]. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2020, 8X: 100051 |
| 57 | Louzguine-Luzgin D V, Ketov S V, Wang Z, et al. Plastic deformation studies of Zr-based bulk metallic glassy samples with a low aspect ratio [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2014, A616: 288 |
| 58 | Haruyama O, Kisara K, Yamashita A, et al. Characterization of free volume in cold-rolled Zr55Cu30Ni5Al10 bulk metallic glasses [J]. Acta Mater., 2013, 61: 3224 |
| 59 | Pan J, Chen Q, Liu L, et al. Softening and dilatation in a single shear band [J]. Acta Mater., 2011, 59: 5146 |
| 60 | Bei H, Xie S, George E P. Softening caused by profuse shear banding in a bulk metallic glass [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2006, 96: 105503 |
| 61 | Liu J W, Cao Q P, Chen L Y, et al. Shear band evolution and hardness change in cold-rolled bulk metallic glasses [J]. Acta Mater., 2010, 58: 4827 |
| 62 | Jiang W H, Pinkerton F E, Atzmon M. Deformation-induced nanocrystallization: A comparison of two amorphous Al-based alloys [J]. J. Mater. Res., 2005, 20: 696 |
| 63 | Pan J, Wang Y X, Guo Q, et al. Extreme rejuvenation and softening in a bulk metallic glass [J]. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9: 560 |
| 64 | Pan J, Wang Y X, Li Y. Ductile fracture in notched bulk metallic glasses [J]. Acta Mater., 2017, 136: 126 |
| 65 | Pan J, Zhou H F, Wang Z T, et al. Origin of anomalous inverse notch effect in bulk metallic glasses [J]. J. Mech. Phys. Solids, 2015, 84: 85 |
| 66 | Dong J, Feng Y H, Huan Y, et al. Rejuvenation in hot-drawn micrometer metallic glassy wires [J]. Chin. Phys. Lett., 2020, 37: 017103 |
| 67 | Ma Y B, Wang B Z, Zhang Q D, et al. Change dynamic behaviors by heightening its stored energy of monolithic bulk metallic glass [J]. Mater. Des., 2019, 181: 107971 |
| 68 | Tong Y, Dmowski W, Bei H, et al. Mechanical rejuvenation in bulk metallic glass induced by thermo-mechanical creep [J]. Acta Mater., 2018, 148: 384 |
| 69 | Tong Y, Dmowski W, Yokoyama Y, et al. Recovering compressive plasticity of bulk metallic glasses by high-temperature creep [J]. Scr. Mater., 2013, 69: 570 |
| 70 | Ding G, Li C, Zaccone A, et al. Ultrafast extreme rejuvenation of metallic glasses by shock compression [J]. Sci. Adv., 2019, 5: eaaw6249 |
| 71 | Song K K, Pauly S, Zhang Y, et al. Significant tensile ductility induced by cold rolling in Cu47.5Zr47.5Al5 bulk metallic glass [J]. Intermetallics, 2011, 19: 1394 |
| 72 | Yavari A R, Le Moulec A, Inoue A, et al. Excess free volume in metallic glasses measured by X-ray diffraction [J]. Acta Mater., 2005, 53: 1611 |
| 73 | Zhu F, Hirata A, Liu P, et al. Correlation between local structure order and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2017, 119: 215501 |
| 74 | Zhu F, Song S X, Reddy K M, et al. Spatial heterogeneity as the structure feature for structure-property relationship of metallic glasses [J]. Nat. Commun., 2018, 9: 3965 |
| 75 | Pan J, Ivanov Y P, Zhou W H, et al. Strain-hardening and suppression of shear-banding in rejuvenated bulk metallic glass [J]. Nature, 2020, 578: 559 |
| 76 | Sarac B, Gammer C, Deng L, et al. Elastostatic reversibility in thermally formed bulk metallic glasses: Nanobeam diffraction fluctuation electron microscopy [J]. Nanoscale, 2018, 10: 1081 |
| 77 | Hilke S, R?sner H, Geissler D, et al. The influence of deformation on the medium-range order of a Zr-based bulk metallic glass characterized by variable resolution fluctuation electron microscopy [J]. Acta Mater., 2019, 171: 275 |
| 78 | Jiang S Q, Huang Y, Li M Z. Structural evolution in deformation-induced rejuvenation in metallic glasses: A cavity perspective [J]. Chin. Phys., 2019, 28B: 046103 |
| 79 | Feng S D, Chan K C, Zhao L, et al. Rejuvenation by weakening the medium range order in Zr46Cu46Al8 metallic glass with pressure preloading: A molecular dynamics simulation study [J]. Mater. Des., 2018, 158: 248 |
| 80 | Ge T P, Wang C, Tan J, et al. Unusual energy state evolution in Ce-based metallic glass under high pressure [J]. J. Appl. Phys., 2017, 121: 205109 |
| 81 | Greer A L, Cheng Y Q, Ma E. Shear bands in metallic glasses [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2013, R74: 71 |
| 82 | Lewandowski J J, Wang W H, Greer A L. Intrinsic plasticity or brittleness of metallic glasses [J]. Philos. Mag. Lett., 2005, 85: 77 |
| 83 | Chen L Y, Setyawan A D, Kato H, et al. Free-volume-induced enhancement of plasticity in a monolithic bulk metallic glass at room temperature [J]. Scr. Mater., 2008, 59: 75 |
| 84 | Di S Y, Wang Q Q, Zhou J, et al. Enhancement of plasticity for FeCoBSiNb bulk metallic glass with superhigh strength through cryogenic thermal cycling [J]. Scr. Mater., 2020, 187: 13 |
| 85 | Song W L, Meng X H, Wu Y, et al. Improving plasticity of the Zr46Cu46Al8 bulk metallic glass via thermal rejuvenation [J]. Sci. Bull., 2018, 63: 840 |
| 86 | Bian X L, Zhao D, Kim J T, et al. Controlling the distribution of structural heterogeneities in severely deformed metallic glass [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2019, A752: 36 |
| 87 | Ebner C, Pauly S, Eckert J, et al. Effect of mechanically induced structural rejuvenation on the deformation behaviour of CuZr based bulk metallic glass [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2020, A773: 138848 |
| 88 | Denis P, Meylan C M, Ebner C, et al. Rejuvenation decreases shear band sliding velocity in Pt-based metallic glasses [J]. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2017, A684: 517 |
| 89 | Dieter G E. Mechanical Metallurgy [M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1961: 1 |
| 90 | Schuh C A, Hufnagel T C, Ramamurty U. Mechanical behavior of amorphous alloys [J]. Acta Mater., 2007, 55: 4067 |
| 91 | Wu Y, Xiao Y H, Chen G L, et al. Bulk metallic glass composites with transformation-mediated work-hardening and ductility [J]. Adv. Mater., 2010, 22: 2770 |
| 92 | Lee J C, Kim Y C, Ahn J P, et al. Deformation-induced nanocrystallization and its influence on work hardening in a bulk amorphous matrix composite [J]. Acta Mater., 2004, 52: 1525 |
| 93 | Jang D C, Greer J R. Transition from a strong-yet-brittle to a stronger-and-ductile state by size reduction of metallic glasses [J]. Nat. Mater., 2010, 9: 215 |
| 94 | Chen D Z, Gu X W, An Q, et al. Ductility and work hardening in nano-sized metallic glasses [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2015, 106: 061903 |
| 95 | Wang Z T, Pan J, Li Y, et al. Densification and strain hardening of a metallic glass under tension at room temperature [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2013, 111: 135504 |
| 96 | Taylor G I. The mechanism of plastic deformation of crystals. Part I. -Theoretical [J]. Proc. Roy. Soc., 1934, 145A: 362 |
| 97 | Demetriou M D, Launey M E, Garrett G, et al. A damage-tolerant glass [J]. Nat. Mater., 2011, 10: 123 |
| 98 | Grell D, Dabrock F, Kerscher E. Cyclic cryogenic pretreatments influencing the mechanical properties of a bulk glassy Zr-based alloy [J]. Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct., 2018, 41: 1330 |
| 99 | Ketkaew J, Yamada R, Wang H, et al. The effect of thermal cycling on the fracture toughness of metallic glasses [J]. Acta Mater., 2020, 184: 100 |
| 100 | Zhang L C, Jia Z, Lyu F, et al. A review of catalytic performance of metallic glasses in wastewater treatment: Recent progress and prospects [J]. Prog. Mater. Sci., 2019, 105: 100576 |
| 101 | Wang Z J, Li M X, Yu J H, et al. Low-iridium-content IrNiTa metallic glass films as intrinsically active catalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction [J]. Adv. Mater., 2020, 32: 1906384 |
| 102 | Wang J Q, Liu Y H, Chen M W, et al. Rapid degradation of azo dye by Fe-based metallic glass powder [J]. Adv. Funct. Mater., 2012, 22: 2567 |
| 103 | Wang J Q, Liu Y H, Chen M W, et al. Excellent capability in degrading azo dyes by MgZn-based metallic glass powders [J]. Sci. Rep., 2012, 2: 418 |
| 104 | Lv Z W, Yan Y Q, Yuan C C, et al. Making Fe-Si-B amorphous powders as an effective catalyst for dye degradation by high-energy ultrasonic vibration [J]. Mater. Des., 2020, 194: 108876 |
| 105 | Miao F, Wang Q Q, Di S Y, et al. Enhanced dye degradation capability and reusability of Fe-based amorphous ribbons by surface activation [J]. J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2020, 53: 163 |
| 106 | Zhang C Q, Sun Q L. Annealing-induced different decolorization performances of Fe-Mo-Si-B amorphous alloys [J]. J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 2017, 470: 93 |
| 107 | Zheng H, Zhu L, Jiang S S, et al. Recovering the bending ductility of the stress-relieved Fe-based amorphous alloy ribbons by cryogenic thermal cycling [J]. J. Alloys Compd., 2019, 790: 529 |
| 108 | Ri M C, Sohrabi S, Ding D W, et al. Serrated magnetic properties in metallic glass by thermal cycle [J]. Chin. Phys., 2017, 26B: 066101 |
| 109 | Gu J, Shao Y, Shi L, et al. Novel corrosion behaviours of the annealing and cryogenic thermal cycling treated Ti-based metallic glasses [J]. Intermetallics, 2019, 110: 106467 |
| 110 | Li S B, Lan F J, Chen S Y, et al. Bulk intrinsic heterogeneity of metallic glasses probed by Meissner effect [J]. Intermetallics, 2020, 119: 106721 |
| 111 | Zhong L, Wang J W, Sheng H W, et al. Formation of monatomic metallic glasses through ultrafast liquid quenching [J]. Nature, 2014, 512: 177 |
| 112 | Yu H B, Luo Y S, Samwer K. Ultrastable metallic glass [J]. Adv. Mater., 2013, 25: 5904 |
| 113 | Lüttich M, Giordano V M, Le Floch S, et al. Anti-aging in ultrastable metallic glasses [J]. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2018, 120: 135504 |
| 114 | Yamada R, Tanaka N, Guo W, et al. Crystallization behavior of thermally rejuvenated Zr50Cu40Al10 metallic glass [J]. Mater. Trans., 2017, 58: 1463 |
| 115 | Zhou H B, Hilke S, Pineda E, et al. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy revealing the change of relaxation dynamics of a severely deformed Pd-based bulk metallic glass [J]. Acta Mater., 2020, 195: 446 |
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
