Kinetic Study of Interaction Between Aluminum Deoxidized Steel and CaO-MgO-Al2O3 Refining Slag

doi:10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00012

Acta Metall Sin

2025, Vol. 61

Issue (9): 1335-1343 DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00012

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Kinetic Study of Interaction Between Aluminum Deoxidized Steel and CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ Refining Slag

WANG Bochen¹, REN Ying¹(

), KUANG Shuang², SHAN Qinglin², PAN Hongwei², LU Boxun², SHI Xiaowei², WANG Jujin³, ZHANG Lifeng³(

)

1 School of Metallurgical and Ecological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
2 Tangshan Iron and Steel Group Co. Ltd., Tangshan 063000, China
3 School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, North China University of Technology, Beijing 100144, China

Cite this article:

WANG Bochen, REN Ying, KUANG Shuang, SHAN Qinglin, PAN Hongwei, LU Boxun, SHI Xiaowei, WANG Jujin, ZHANG Lifeng. Kinetic Study of Interaction Between Aluminum Deoxidized Steel and CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ Refining Slag. Acta Metall Sin, 2025, 61(9): 1335-1343.

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Abstract

This research introduces a coupled dynamic model, which involves refining slag, molten steel, inclusions, and refractory materials, to explore the modification effects of CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ refining slag on Al₂O₃ inclusions within steel. The study examines the impact of varying aluminum contents in steel and CaO / Al₂O₃ ratios in slag on inclusion modification. Notably, the Ca content in both steel and inclusions exhibits a positive correlation with the Al content in steel and the CaO / Al₂O₃ ratio in the slag. An increase in the Al content in steel from 0.01% to 0.75% led to a rise in the Ca content in the molten steel from 0.07 × 10^-6 to 1.47 × 10^-6, accompanied by an increase in the CaO content in inclusions from 0.44% to 7.89%. Additionally, elevating the CaO / Al₂O₃ ratio in the slag from 1.0 to 2.2 enhanced the Ca content in the molten steel from 0.15 × 10^-6 to 0.50 × 10^-6 and increased the CaO content in inclusions from 0.88% to 2.95%. When the Al content in the steel reached 0.8% and the CaO / Al₂O₃ ratio in the slag stood at 2.2, the total Ca content in the steel escalated to 2.52 × 10^-6, while the CaO content in inclusions surged to 10.96%. These results affirm that CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ refining slag is capable of effectively transforming Al₂O₃ inclusions into CaO-Al₂O₃ inclusions, with the modification extent predominantly influenced by the Al content in the steel.

Key words: slag-steel reaction aluminum-killed steel inclusion kinetic model

Received: 17 January 2024

ZTFLH:

TF407

Fund: National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFB3709900);National Nature Science Foundation of China(U22A20171);Hesteel Group Key Science and Technology Projects(HG-2022103)

Corresponding Authors: ZHANG Lifeng, professor, Tel: 13911868419, E-mail: zhanglifeng@ncut.edu.cn;
REN Ying, professor, Tel: 13811903700, E-mail: yingren@ustb.edu.cn

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	Articles by authors
	WANG Bochen
	REN Ying
	KUANG Shuang
	SHAN Qinglin
	PAN Hongwei
	LU Boxun
	SHI Xiaowei
	WANG Jujin
	ZHANG Lifeng

URL:

https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00012 OR https://www.ams.org.cn/EN/Y2025/V61/I9/1335

Fig.1 Schematic of the kinetic model of refining slag-molten steel-inclusion-refractory reactions ([%M]—concentration of element M in the steel melt; [%M] $s / i / r *$ —concentration of element M at the interface between steel and slag/inclusion/refractory material; (% $M x O y$ ) $s / i$ —content of constituent $M x O y$ in the slag/inclusion; (% $M x O y$ ) $s / r *$ —content of constituent $M x O y$ at the interface between steel and slag/refractory)

Element	Mg	Al	O	Ca
Mg	$0$	-0.12	-460	0
Al	-0.13	80.5 / T	3.21 - 9720 / T	-0.047
O	-300	1.96 - 5750 / T	0.76 - 1750 / T	-515
Ca	0	-0.072	-1293	0

Table 1 First-order interaction coefficients^[40,41]

Compound	$Δ G θ = a + b T$
Compound	a	b
3CaO·Al₂O₃	-21757	-29.288
12CaO·7 Al₂O₃	617977	-612.119
CaO·Al₂O₃	59413	-59.413
CaO·2Al₂O₃	-16736	-25.522
CaO·6Al₂O₃	-22954	-31.798
MgO·Al₂O₃	-18828	-6.276

Table 2 Components in CaO-MgO-Al₂O₃ slag system and corresponding standard Gibbs free energies (

Δ G θ

)^[43]

Fig.2 Schematic of the kinetic model calculation process (t—time, t_end—calculated end time)

Fig.3 Comparisons of total oxygen content (T.O) (a), total magnesium content (T.Mg) (b), total calcium content (T.Ca) (c), and inclusion content (d) in molten steel between calculated and experimental^[19] results

Fig.4 Variations of T.Mg in molten steel (a), T.Ca in molten steel (b), MgO content in inclusion (c), and CaO content in inclusion (d) under different Al contents in steel ([%Al] represents mass fraction of Al)

Fig.5 Variations of T.Ca in molten steel (a) and CaO content in inclusion (b) under different CaO / Al₂O₃ ratios in slag

Fig.6 Influences of Al content in steel and CaO / Al₂O₃ ratio in slag on the final compositions of steel and inclusions
(a) T.Ca in the molten steel
(b) CaO content in inclusion
(c) activity of dissolved oxygen (α_O) in the molten steel

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