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| ON THE GRAPHITIZATION OF HIGH CARBON TOOL STEELS |
| HO ZHUNG-ZHE Research Institute of Iron and Steel Industry;Peking;SUN WEN-CHUAN Peking Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy;KO TSUN(T.KO)Peking Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy |
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Cite this article:
HO ZHUNG-ZHE Research Institute of Iron and Steel Industry;Peking;SUN WEN-CHUAN Peking Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy;KO TSUN(T.KO)Peking Institute of Ferrous Metallurgy. ON THE GRAPHITIZATION OF HIGH CARBON TOOL STEELS. Acta Metall Sin, 1956, 1(3): 279-303.
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Abstract The effect of hot working on the graphite formation in 1.1—1.2% carbon toolsteels during subsequent annealing was investigated.Specimens were heated in air to1050℃ for 10 minutes,cooled in a second furnace to the forging temperature,forged rapidly to give reductions in height between 0—40%,air-cooled,and annealed for16 hours at 700℃.Graphite was determined by chemical analysis.It was foundthat:1.Austenitizing in air between 870°and 1050℃ followed by air cooling causedthe formation of graphite during subsequent annealing.The amount of graphiteincreased with increasing austenitizing temperature.Precipitation of graphite occurredalong the austenite grain boundary.2.Hot working at various temperatures increased the tendency of graphitizationduring subsequent annealing.The amount of graphite formed was smallest whenthe specimens were forged at 870℃ and increased with increasing or decreasingtemperature.3.Slow cooling after the specimens had been heated to or hot worked at hightemperatures reduced the degree of graphitization,provided that free cementite wasabsent during hot working.4.Forging during continuous cooling removed the effect of previous heatingor hot working until the temperature was sufficiently low to produce free cementiteduring forging.Forging during cooling gave minimum amount of graphite whenthe forging was interrupted between 820°and 870℃.A possible explanation to account for the phenomena is suggested.
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Received: 18 March 1956
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