氢(混)燃气轮机燃烧产生的高温水蒸气，对热障涂层(TBCs)的服役稳定性提出了严峻挑战。本文系统综述了热障涂层在此复杂环境下的失效机制与性能调控研究进展。首先，剖析了高温水蒸气对氧化锆基陶瓷面层加速烧结、诱发相变，以及导致金属粘结层热生长氧化物(TGO)异常生长的微观机理，并探讨了水蒸气与CMAS的耦合腐蚀效应。其次，重点论述了面向抗水汽腐蚀的涂层优化策略，包括高熵陶瓷、稀土锆酸盐等新型陶瓷材料的设计、多层复合结构调控，以及粘结层的活性元素改性、高熵化与表面预处理技术。最后，总结当前研究的局限性，并对多物理场耦合原位表征、数据驱动的新材料高通量设计以及非线性寿命预测模型的构建进行了展望。本文旨在为研发适用于氢(混)燃机极端工况的长寿命、高可靠新型热防护涂层体系提供理论依据与设计指导。

The high-temperature water vapor generated by the combustion of hydrogen (mixed) gas turbines poses a severe challenge to the service stability of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs). This paper systematically reviews the research progress on the failure mechanisms and performance optimization of TBCs in this complex environment. Firstly, the microscopic mechanisms by which high-temperature water vapor accelerates sintering and induces phase transformation in zirconia-based ceramic top coats, as well as leads to the abnormal growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO) in metallic bond coats, are analyzed. The coupled corrosion effect of water vapor and CMAS is also discussed. Secondly, the optimization strategies for coatings to resist water vapor corrosion are highlighted, including the design of novel ceramic materials such as high-entropy ceramics and rare-earth zirconates, the control of multi-layer composite structures, as well as the reactive element modification, high-entropy alloying, and surface pretreatment techniques for bond coats. Finally, the limitations of current research are summarized, and prospects are presented for multi-physics field coupled in-situ characterization, data-driven high-throughput design of new materials, and the construction of nonlinear life prediction models. This aims to provide a theoretical basis and design guidance for the development of long-life, high-reliability novel thermal protection coating systems suitable for the extreme operating conditions of hydrogen (mixed) gas turbines.