熔盐堆用镍基合金失效机理与改性策略研究进展
收稿日期: 2025-12-10
修回日期: 2026-06-07
网络出版日期: 2026-06-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U25B20113);国家自然科学基金项目(52471043);中国科协青年托举人才工程项目(TESS20240818);上海市启明星扬帆专项项目(24YF2718700)
Progress in Failure Mechanisms and Modification Strategies of Nickel-Based Alloys for Molten Salt Reactors
Received date: 2025-12-10
Revised date: 2026-06-07
Online published: 2026-06-16
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U25B20113);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52471043);Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(TESS20240818);Qi Ming Xing Program of Shanghai(24YF2718700)
熔盐堆作为第四代核能系统的重要堆型，其高温、强腐蚀和辐照耦合环境对结构材料的化学稳定性与服役可靠性提出严苛要求。镍基合金因具有高温相稳定性和低化学活性而成为关键候选材料，但仍面临选择性腐蚀溶解、碲致腐蚀开裂以及辐照加速腐蚀等一系列失效问题。本文系统综述了熔盐堆用镍基合金的多场耦合失效机理，并总结了“成分优化-第二相调控-晶界调控-涂层防护”四维协同改性体系。通过降低Cr含量、优化Mo / W比例抑制溶解；利用氧化物弥散强化颗粒俘获缺陷、阻断扩散；采用晶界工程(GBE)提高低Σ晶界比例，抑制Te渗透；并以Ni-W或SiC涂层形成终端屏障。最后指出，未来应发展原位表征、智能设计与环境自适应技术，实现镍基合金在熔盐堆中的长寿命服役。
王优 , 陈向阳 , 王煦嘉 , 汤春桃 , 沈朝 , 曾小勤 . 熔盐堆用镍基合金失效机理与改性策略研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026 , 62(8) : 1331 -1346 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00407
The molten salt reactor (MSR) is an important reactor type in Generation IV nuclear systems. However, the high-temperature, corrosive, and irradiation-coupled environment of MSRs compromises the chemical stability and service reliability of structural materials. Nickel-based alloys, featuring an fcc matrix with high thermal stability and low chemical activity, are promising candidates but remain susceptible to selective corrosion dissolution, Te-induced corrosion cracking, and irradiation-accelerated corrosion. This review summarizes the multifield-coupled failure mechanisms of Ni-based alloys for MSRs and outlines a four-dimensional modification framework of “composition optimization, secondary phase regulation, grain boundary regulation, and coating protection”. Lowering the Cr content and optimizing the Mo / W ratios collectively suppress selective dissolution; secondary phase/oxide dispersion strengthened particles trap defects and block diffusion; grain boundary engineering suppresses Te penetration by increasing the fraction of low-Σ boundaries; Ni-W or silicon carbide coatings provide terminal protection. Future efforts should focus on in situ multifield characterization, machine learning-based design, and environment-adaptive regulation of Ni-based alloys to achieve their long-term reliability and engineering application in MSRs.
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