高速挤压镁合金凭借其成本优势与优异的挤压加工性能，在航空航天、轨道交通等轻量化领域展现出巨大潜力。随着高端装备制造对低成本与可靠服役要求的不断提升，大规格镁合金型材在高效制备与高性能化面临严峻挑战。如何突破挤压性能与服役性能之间的制约关系，已成为目前镁合金领域亟待解决的关键难题。本文从低合金化、固相线温度及动态再结晶三个核心角度，系统阐述了高速挤压镁合金的成分设计思路，并综述了高速挤压高强塑、高热稳定及高耐蚀调控的研究现状与高性能化机制，以期为未来高速挤压镁合金的材料设计与工程应用提供参考，拓展低成本高性能轻量化材料应用领域，具有重要的工程价值与研究意义。

High-speed extruded magnesium (Mg) alloys demonstrate tremendous potential for lightweight applications in aerospace and rail transportation owing to their low cost and excellent extrudability. With the increasing demand for low-cost and reliable service in high-end equipment manufacturing, large-sized Mg alloy profiles are facing significant challenges in achieving both high-efficiency processing and excellent mechanical properties. Overcoming the trade-off between extrusion processability and service performance has thus become a critical issue that urgently needs to be addressed in Mg alloy research. Therefore, it is crucial to develop low-cost Mg alloys with both excellent extrusion processability and reliable service performance. In this paper, the compositional design strategy of high-speed extruded Mg alloys is systematically elucidated based on three core perspectives: low alloying, solidus temperature, and dynamic recrystallization. Furthermore, the research progress and underlying mechanisms of high-performance Mg alloys fabricated via high-speed extrusion are reviewed, with a focus on thermal stability, corrosion resistance, strength, and ductility. This review aims to provide a reference for future material design and engineering applications of high-speed extruded Mg alloys, offering significant engineering value and scientific relevance for the development of cost-effective, high-performance lightweight materials.