超高强度钢析出相调控与强化机理研究现状及发展趋势
收稿日期: 2025-11-03
修回日期: 2025-12-10
网络出版日期: 2026-05-13
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(52574422)
Research Status and Development Trend of Precipitation Phase Regulation and Strengthening Mechanism in Ultra-High Strength Steel
Received date: 2025-11-03
Revised date: 2025-12-10
Online published: 2026-05-13
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52574422)
作为航空、航天及重大装备的关键结构材料，超高强度钢的轻量化与高性能化是相关领域发展的核心需求。然而，传统超高强度钢长期面临高强度与高韧性、良好焊接性与耐蚀性难以协同，以及高合金成本制约其广泛应用等问题。为应对上述问题，本文系统梳理了低合金超高强度钢、二次硬化钢、马氏体时效钢及沉淀硬化不锈钢等传统超高强度钢的发展历程、成分、组织和性能特征，进而重点综述了通过复合纳米析出相调控和多相复合组织设计两类路径开发的新型超高强度钢的研究进展，特别探讨了“混杂化(hybrid)”设计新理念在突破传统钢种界限、融合多相强化机制，以及研制低成本、高性能、易焊接“全能型”超高强度钢方面的潜力与初步实践。详细阐述了超高强度钢中析出相演变规律和强化机理研究现状。最后，对超高强度钢的未来发展方向，特别是在复杂析出相协同调控、高温稳定性及产业化应用等方面的挑战与机遇进行了展望。
张朝磊 , 潘晓坤 , 高军恒 , 吴宏辉 , 毛新平 . 超高强度钢析出相调控与强化机理研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 金属学报, 2026 , 62(7) : 1207 -1227 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00354
As a key structural material for aviation, aerospace, and major equipment, the lightweight and high-performance development of ultra-high strength (UHS) steel is essential for the advancement of related fields. However, traditional UHS steels have long faced critical challenges: the difficulty in achieving a synergistic combination of high strength, high toughness, good weldability, and corrosion resistance, along with the constraint of high alloy costs that limit their widespread application. To address these issues, we systematically review the development history, composition, microstructure, and performance characteristics of traditional UHS steels, including low-alloy UHS, secondary hardening, maraging, and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. We also review the research progress in developing novel UHS steels through two main pathways: the regulation of composite nanoprecipitates and the design of multiphase composite microstructures. Special attention is paid to exploring the potential and preliminary practices of the “hybrid” design concept, which breaks the boundaries of traditional steel classifications and integrates multiple strengthening mechanisms to develop cost-effective, high-performance, and easily weldable “all-round” UHS steels. The current research status regarding the evolution laws of precipitates and strengthening mechanisms in UHS steels is detailed. Finally, the future development directions of UHS steels are proposed, particularly regarding the synergistic control of complex precipitates, high-temperature stability, and industrial application.
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