超高强不锈钢微丝表征技术：进展与展望
收稿日期: 2025-12-23
修回日期: 2026-01-15
网络出版日期: 2026-04-28
基金资助
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFB3713703)
Research Progress and Trends in Characterization Techniques for Ultra-High-Strength and Ultra-Fine Stainless Steel Wires: A Perspective Review
Received date: 2025-12-23
Revised date: 2026-01-15
Online published: 2026-04-28
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFB3713703)
超高强度(≥ 3.0 GPa)、超细丝径(≤ 16 μm)不锈钢微丝是制备太阳能光伏电池丝网印刷的关键材料，其国产化是突破光伏产业关键瓶颈的重要方向。目前，抗拉强度≥ 3.5 GPa、丝径≤ 11 μm的不锈钢微丝技术主要由日本、德国等国垄断，是我国光伏产业自主化的“卡脖子”难题。超细丝径微丝具有极大应变和极小尺寸的特征，呈现三维层状结构及异构组织。二维表征技术难以全面反映其微观组织演变规律，且目前缺乏成熟的三维表征技术和标准，制约了微丝的国产化进程。本文围绕金属丝材的表征技术体系，从微观组织、力学性能及服役表现三个层面，综述微丝表征方法的研究进展和局限，并对多尺度、三维原位表征技术的应用进行展望，以期为超高强微丝的性能优化和国产化替代提供技术支撑。
杨何 , 侯自勇 , 胡兴益 , 程金骏 , 王亚茹 , 范国华 , 黄晓旭 . 超高强不锈钢微丝表征技术：进展与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2026 , 62(7) : 1189 -1206 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00418
Ultra-high-strength (≥ 3 GPa) and ultra-fine (diameter ≤ 16 μm) stainless steel wires are critical components in solar photovoltaic manufacturing, yet their domestic production poses distinct technical challenges. Countries such as Japan and Germany currently dominate this field, having developed the capability to manufacture wires with tensile strengths of ≥ 3.5 GPa and diameters of ≤ 11 μm. Localizing ultra-high-strength and ultra-fine stainless steel wire technology has therefore become an urgent priority. The extreme true strain and fine diameter attained through cold drawing produce a complex three-dimensional lamellar and heterogeneous microstructure that conventional two-dimensional characterization techniques cannot fully capture. Moreover, the absence of systematic three-dimensional characterization methodologies and standards further impedes localization efforts. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the characterization techniques currently employed for ultra-fine metallic wires and critically evaluates existing approaches for analyzing microstructure, mechanical properties, and performance, along with their respective limitations and strengths. The study also identifies opportunities for developing multiscale, three-dimensional in situ characterization techniques that would provide essential technical support and a theoretical foundation for optimizing wire performance and advancing localization.
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