难加工金属增材制造/热等静压融合成形研究现状与展望
收稿日期: 2025-11-24
修回日期: 2026-01-06
网络出版日期: 2026-04-02
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U22A20192);国家自然科学基金项目(52375335);中南大学粉末冶金全国重点实验室资助项目(Sklpm-KF-2025010)
Research Status and Prospects of Additive Manufacturing/Hot Isostatic Pressing Integrated Forming for Difficult-to-Machine Metals
Received date: 2025-11-24
Revised date: 2026-01-06
Online published: 2026-04-02
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20192);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375335);State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Foundation of Central South University(Sklpm-KF-2025010)
难加工金属通常具有特殊的物理和力学性能，在高温稳定性、高比刚度和轻量化等方面表现突出，对航空航天、能源动力、海洋工程等高端装备领域具有战略意义。本文系统综述了难加工金属增材制造与热等静压融合成形技术的研究进展和发展趋势。聚焦于Be及铍合金、Ti2AlNb合金、高Ti/Al含量镍基高温合金以及金属基复合材料四类典型材料，深入剖析了其在传统加工过程中存在的成形难度大、材料利用率低和组织均匀性差等瓶颈问题。重点阐述了增材制造/热等静压融合技术在多尺度模拟仿真、包套结构补偿设计、高精高密薄壁包套增材制造、高刚易溶失陶瓷型芯制备等方面的关键突破，系统比较了该技术在难加工材料构件近净成形、组织均匀性调控和性能优化方面的显著优势。最后，展望了该技术在包套科学设计、增材制造智能工艺控制及陶瓷型芯性能协同优化等方向的未来发展趋势，以期为推动热等静压成形技术的创新和应用提供理论支撑和实践指导，拓展其在难加工金属复杂构件近终成形中的应用范围，为我国航空航天、国防装备等重点领域核心部件的自主制造提供技术助力。
史玉升 , 程焜 , 张程健 , 卢佳浩 , 李伟 , 张李超 , 魏青松 , 蔡超 . 难加工金属增材制造/热等静压融合成形研究现状与展望[J]. 金属学报, 2026 , 62(5) : 770 -784 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00381
Difficult-to-machine metals typically possess unique physical and mechanical properties, such as high-temperature stability, high specific stiffness, and lightweight characteristics. These metals hold strategic significance for high-end equipment sectors such as aerospace, energy and power, and marine engineering. This study systematically reviews the research progress and development trends in the integrated additive manufacturing/hot isostatic pressing (AM/HIP) forming technology for difficult-to-machine metals. The study focuses on the following four typical materials: (i) Be and its alloys, (ii) Ti2AlNb alloys, (iii) nickel-based superalloys with high Ti/Al content, and (iv) metal matrix composites. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the bottlenecks encountered in conventional processing, such as high forming difficulty, low material utilization, and poor microstructural homogeneity. Furthermore, the study highlights key research breakthroughs in the integrated AM/HIP technology, including multiscale HIP simulation, compensation design methods for capsule structures, AM of high-precision and high-density thin-walled capsules, and AM of high-strength soluble ceramic cores. A comparative analysis is performed on the advantages of the technology in the near-net shaping, microstructural homogenization, and performance optimization of components made from difficult-to-machine materials. Finally, future developments for the technology are outlined, including scientific capsule design, intelligent process control for capsule AM, and synergistic optimization of ceramic core properties. This study provides theoretical support and practical pathways to promote the innovative development of HIP forming technology, expanding its application in the near-final forming of complex components made from difficult-to-machine metals, and offering technical assistance for the manufacturing of core components in key sectors in China, such as aerospace and defense equipment.
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