连铸凝固过程溶质偏析形成机理及其控制研究进展
收稿日期: 2025-09-30
修回日期: 2026-02-04
网络出版日期: 2026-03-02
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(U24A20100);国家自然科学基金项目(52174306)
Research Progress on the Formation Mechanism and Control of Solute Segregation During Continuous Casting Solidification
Received date: 2025-09-30
Revised date: 2026-02-04
Online published: 2026-03-02
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U24A20100);National Natural Science Foundation of China(52174306)
连铸是当前钢铁制造流程的关键工序，连铸坯的凝固偏析是影响钢产品成材率、性能和服役寿命的重要因素。国家战略驱动对钢铁材料提出了更高要求，合金元素种类的增加和连铸坯断面的不断扩大，致使连铸凝固过程中的宏观-介观偏析问题愈加突出。本文阐述了连铸坯横截面和纵截面的偏析分布特征，阐明了皮下偏析、白亮带、柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)区偏析、V形偏析和中心偏析的形成机理，以及熔体流动产生的方式及与凝固组织共同引发偏析的机制，明晰了不同类型偏析的主要影响因素，介绍了电磁搅拌、机械压下的技术原理及发展现状，强调了凝固组织细化对均质化控制的重要意义。最后，展望了高合金钢超大断面连铸坯高均质化控制理论和技术的研究要点，为大型构件母材的高品质连铸生产提供参考。
朱苗勇 , 王卫领 . 连铸凝固过程溶质偏析形成机理及其控制研究进展[J]. 金属学报, 2026 , 62(5) : 855 -874 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2025.00305
Continuous casting is a critical process in the modern iron and steel manufacturing industry. The solidification segregation of continuously cast strands largely affects the yield rate, performance, and service life of steel products. National strategic drives have imposed increasingly stringent demands on the requirements for iron and steel materials. So, macro- and meso-scopic segregation in the solidification of continuously cast strands has become increasingly prominent as the types of alloying elements increase and strand sections continue to be enlarged. This paper elaborates the segregation distribution characteristics in the transverse and longitudinal sections of continuously cast strands and clarifies the formation mechanisms of subsurface segregation, white banding, segregation in the columnar-to-equiaxed transition region, V-shaped segregation, and central/centerline segregation. It also analyzes the generation modes of melt flow and the mechanism of solute segregation cooperatively induced by the melt flow and solidification structure. The paper further identifies the main factors influencing different types of solute segregation and introduces the technical principles and development status of electromagnetic stirring and mechanical reduction. The importance of refining the solidification microstructure for homogenization control is emphasized. Finally, the paper outlines key research directions for high-homogenization control theories and technologies for ultralarge-section continuously cast strands of high-alloy steels, providing a reference for high-quality continuous casting production of base metals for large structural components.
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