为了揭示激光粉末床熔融(LPBF) NiTi合金晶体织构与超弹性拉压不对称性的内在关联，本工作系统分析了LPBF工艺参数(扫描间距40~120 μm，扫描速率800~1400 mm/s)对富Ni Ni_51.47Ti_48.33 (原子分数，%)合金致密度、微观组织及织构的影响，进而探究了<001>{100}立方织构和<001>{110} Gross织构对LPBF NiTi合金超弹性拉压不对称性的作用机理。当扫描间距为40和80 μm时，熔池间的充分搭接可保证在该扫描速率范围内致密度达到99.5%以上。熔池形貌分析表明，晶体取向的跨熔池继承性促进了织构的形成，而扫描速率通过影响晶体生长方向与温度梯度的错配角度改变LPBF NiTi合金的织构类型。超弹性测试结果表明，{100}织构试样回复率和循环稳定性较好，在压缩条件下呈现优异的回复应变(5.77%)和回复率(97.1%)，但拉伸可回复应变骤降至1.24%；{110}织构试样在压缩/拉伸条件下均展现高可回复应变(4.12%~4.5%)，但伴随显著的不可回复变形(0.89%~4.00%)，回复率和循环稳定性较差。具有晶体学织构NiTi合金的超弹性拉压不对称性，源于单向切变型马氏体相变固有的强取向依赖性，以及不同加载方向对B2相滑移系的启动倾向不同。

This study systematically investigates the effect of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process parameters (hatch spacing: 40-120μm; scanning velocity: 800-1400 mm/s) on the relative density, microstructure and crystallographic texture of Ni51.47Ti48.33 (at.%) shape memory alloys. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the superelastic tension-compression asymmetry of LPBF NiTi alloys with <001>{100} cubic texture and <110>{001} Gross texture are elucidated. At hatch spacing of 40 and 80 μm, sufficient overlap between adjacent melt pools ensures densities exceeding 99.5% across the scanning velocity range. Melt pool morphology analysis reveals that the inheritance of grain orientations among melt pools facilitates texture formation, while scanning velocity modulates texture types by altering the angular deviations between grain-growth directions and thermal gradients. Superelasticity tests demonstrates that {100}-textured specimen exhibits superior recovery rate (97.1%) and cyclic stability, with exceptional recoverable strain (5.77%), but suffer dramatic reduction in tensile recoverable strain (1.24%). In contrast, {110}-textured specimen displays higher recoverable strain (4.12-4.5%) under both tension and compression, yet with significant irrecoverable strain (0.89~4.00%) and inferior cyclic stability. The tension-compression asymmetry originates from the strong orientation dependence of martensitic transformation characterized as unidirectional shear-mode as well as the differential activation tendencies of slip systems under varied loading orientations. This work establishes intrinsic relationships among LPBF parameters, texture evolution, and superelasticity, providing theoretical foundations for the regulation of LPBF NiTi alloys' superelasticity and design of multimodal actuator devices.