为探明60钢在冲击加载下的动态力学响应规律，并揭示其内部铁素体和珠光体组织在动态损伤演化中的作用，本工作利用一级轻气炮开展了平板撞击实验，并结合SEM和EBSD技术对回收样品进行了微观分析。自由面粒子速度曲线表明，60钢的层裂强度随峰值应力的增大呈先上升后趋于平缓的变化规律。微观损伤分析表明，材料在冲击加载下的损伤以脆性断裂为主，表现为解理裂纹的形核与扩展。随着峰值应力的提高，韧性损伤特征逐渐增强，表现为微孔洞的形核、长大和联合。晶界、渗碳体片层及铁素体/渗碳体界面是损伤的优先形核位置。在珠光体晶粒内，微裂纹倾向于沿与渗碳体片层方向呈较大角度的方向进行扩展。EBSD结果表明，晶粒取向是影响解理裂纹扩展的主要因素，微裂纹倾向于沿所在晶粒的{001}晶面扩展。

Owing to its favorable mechanical properties derived from a ferrite-pearlite dual-phase microstructure, 60 steel is widely used in load-bearing components such as bearings and transmission gears, as well as in impact-resistant structures in vehicles and ships, underscoring its potential for dynamic engineering applications. In this study, plate-impact experiments were performed using a single-stage gas gun. The shock-induced microstructural response of 60 steel was examined using SEM and EBSD. Free-surface velocity profiles indicate that spall strength initially increases with peak stress and subsequently approaches saturation. Damage morphology reveals that brittle fracture is the dominant failure mechanism, characterized by the nucleation and propagation of cleavage cracks. At higher peak stresses, ductile damage becomes increasingly evident through the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of microvoids. Grain boundaries, cementite lamellae, and ferrite-cementite interfaces serve as preferential damage-nucleation sites. Within pearlite colonies, microcracks tend to propagate along directions forming larger angles with the cementite lamellae. EBSD analysis further confirms that grain orientation governs cleavage-crack propagation, with microcracks preferentially advancing along the {001} crystallographic planes.