流动海水中多重应力耦合作用下B10 Cu-Ni合金的微观结构演变与动态失效机制
收稿日期: 2024-09-11
修回日期: 2025-06-16
网络出版日期: 2025-09-19
Microstructural Evolution and Dynamic Failure Mechanism of B10 Cu-Ni Alloy Under Multiple Stress Coupling in Flowing Seawater
Received date: 2024-09-11
Revised date: 2025-06-16
Online published: 2025-09-19
针对Cu-Ni合金在流动海水中承受多重应力耦合作用时易发生微观结构劣化与动态失效的关键问题，本工作以管路系统广泛应用的B10 Cu-Ni合金为研究对象，研究了其在复杂服役环境下的微观结构演变规律与动态失效特征。采用实验与模拟计算相结合的研究策略，通过分子动力学(MD)方法构建了合金/海水溶剂化模型，重点研究了海水流速、压力及其耦合作用对B10 Cu-Ni合金微观结构演变及其腐蚀动力学过程的影响机制。结果表明，Cu-Ni合金的腐蚀过程受多步耦合的Cu原子迁移-溶解能垒控制。基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的计算分析表明，随着海水压力从0.1 MPa增至12 MPa，迁移-溶解能垒由1.76 eV降至1.54 eV，腐蚀速率显著提升。此外，随着海水流速的增加，合金(111)晶面产生原子级轴向弹性拉伸应变，迁移-溶解能垒进一步降低，存在使腐蚀加剧的临界流速(4 m/s)。在海水流速与压力耦合作用下，迁移-溶解能垒进一步减小，功函数降低，腐蚀动力学过程显著加快。模拟计算所得的腐蚀速率常数与实测腐蚀速率的变化趋势基本一致，有效实现了对B10 Cu-Ni合金在实际工况环境下动态失效过程中腐蚀倾向的评估与预测。
关键词： B10 Cu-Ni合金; 流动海水; 微观结构; 流体力学; 腐蚀动力学
李瑞雪 , 周晨曦 , 杨慧敏 , 雍兴跃 , 刘景军 . 流动海水中多重应力耦合作用下B10 Cu-Ni合金的微观结构演变与动态失效机制[J]. 金属学报, 2026 , 62(7) : 1273 -1287 . DOI: 10.11900/0412.1961.2024.00323
To address the critical issue of microstructural degradation and dynamic failure of Cu-Ni alloys subjected to multiple stress couplings in flowing seawater, this study systematically investigates the microstructural evolution and failure characteristics of the alloy in a complex service environment. Focusing on the widely used B10 Cu-Ni alloy in pipeline systems, a combined experimental and computational simulation approach was employed. A molecular dynamics method was used to construct an alloy/seawater solvation model, with emphasis on the effects of seawater flow rate, pressure, and their coupled interactions on microstructural evolution and corrosion kinetics. In flowing seawater, the strain level of the alloy increases markedly, accompanied by a rise in microstructural defects. The results reveal that corrosion of Cu-Ni alloys proceeds through a multi-step coupled mechanism governed by the migration-dissolution energy barrier of Cu atoms. Density functional theory calculations show that as seawater pressure increases from 0.1 MPa to 12 MPa, the migration-dissolution energy barrier decreases from 1.76 eV to 1.54 eV, significantly accelerating the corrosion rate. Furthermore, increasing seawater flow rate induces atomic-level axial elastic tensile strain on the (111) crystal plane of the alloy, further reducing the migration-dissolution energy barrier. A critical flow rate of 4 m/s has been identified as exacerbating corrosion. Under the coupled influence of flow rate and pressure, the migration-dissolution energy barrier is further reduced, the work function decreases, and corrosion kinetics are significantly accelerated. The corrosion rate constants obtained from simulations exhibit highly consistent trends with experimentally measured corrosion rates, enabling reliable assessment and prediction of the corrosion tendency of the B10 Cu-Ni alloy during dynamic failure under real operational conditions.
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