冷喷涂技术因具有低温固态沉积特性，在高性能金属或金属基复合涂层制备、修复及增材制造领域已有重要应用。然而，原始喷涂粉末的表面氧化状态对冷喷涂粒子沉积过程及所制备涂层或沉积体的微观组织、界面结合质量和力学性能具有重要影响。一般来说，粒子表面氧化膜的存在增加了粉末的临界沉积速率，降低了粒子塑性变形能力，并在界面处形成未结合区或脆性夹杂，从而显著影响粉末的沉积效率和沉积体的力学性能。然而，在特定条件下，粉末表面的氧化膜经过碰撞作用而破碎，不连续的氧化膜均匀分布在涂层中，通过弥散强化能够提高涂层的硬度。本文主要综述了粉末表面氧化膜在喷涂沉积过程中的破碎行为及其对涂层微观组织和性能的影响，重点探讨了氧化膜对界面结合、涂层组织及性能的影响机制。此外，本文还提出了高强塑性沉积体对粉末低O含量的严格要求，为优化冷喷涂材料性能提供理论指导。最后，对粉末表面氧化膜在冷喷涂增材制造中的影响及未来研究方向进行了展望。

Cold spraying (CS), recognized for its solid-state deposition characteristics, holds significant potential for the fabrication of high-performance coatings, the repair of damaged components, and the additive manufacturing of metals and metal matrix composites. However, oxide films present on the surfaces of powder particles exert a profound impact on particle deformation during CS, as well as on the interfacial microstructure, bonding quality, and mechanical properties of the resulting coatings or deposits. The presence of oxide films increases the critical deposition velocity, reduces the plastic deformation capacity of particles, and promotes the formation of unbonded regions or brittle inclusions at interfaces, thereby compromising deposition efficiency and mechanical integrity. Nevertheless, under specific conditions, the oxide film on the powder surface can be fractured by particle collisions, and the resulting discontinuous oxide film may become evenly distributed, potentially contributing to the dispersion strengthening and enhancing the hardness of the coating. This study presents a comprehensive review of the deformation behavior of oxide films during the CS process and their influence on coating microstructure and properties, with particular focus on the mechanism where how oxide film influences interfacial bonding, coating microstructure and performance. Furthermore, the study discusses the importance of minimizing oxygen content in feedstock powders to achieve high-strength and high-ductility deposits, providing theoretical guidance for optimizing coating performance. Finally, the role of oxide films in CS-based additive manufacturing is explored, and prospective research directions are outlined.