传统奥氏体不锈钢(ASS)由于其较低的强度和硬度，难以在低温滑动磨损工况下安全服役。为解决这一难题，本工作以高氮316LN ASS为研究对象，通过轧制和退火工艺设计并制备了未再结晶组织、异构组织以及完全再结晶组织(分别记为NG、HS和CG组织)，分析了环境温度和微观组织对高氮316LN ASS摩擦学行为和磨损机制的影响规律。结果表明，不同于NG和CG组织，HS组织因磨屑颗粒减少了磨损表面与对摩擦副的直接接触，表现出最低的摩擦系数(CoF)。随着环境温度的降低，NG、HS和CG组织的磨损率均下降，在-120 ℃时磨损率均最低。当环境温度降低至-120 ℃时，与NG和HS组织相比，CG组织表现出最低的磨损率，这是因为其低层错能诱导马氏体相变和磨损表面形成的纳米/超细晶硬化层可以有效阻止裂纹扩展，使其耐磨性能显著提升。HS组织在磨损过程中同样发生马氏体相变并且存在类似的表面硬化层，但是磨损过程中产生的磨屑颗粒充当第三体磨料进一步加剧了磨损，使其耐磨性能降低。此外，CG组织由于其优异的低温塑性变形能力，在磨损过程中展现出轻微的磨粒磨损特征。

Traditional austenitic stainless steel (ASS) faces challenges in operating safely under low-temperature sliding wear conditions because of its relatively low strength and hardness. To address this issue, this study focused on high-nitrogen 316LN ASSs. Through controlled rolling and annealing, three microstructures were designed: non-recrystallized, heterogeneous, and fully recrystallized microstructures (marked by NG, HS, and CG structures, respectively). The influence of environmental temperature and microstructure on the tribological behavior and wear mechanisms of high-nitrogen 316LN ASSs was investigated. The results demonstrate that the HS structure exhibits the lowest friction coefficient because the reduced number of abrasive particles limits the direct contact between the worn surface and the counterpart, outperforming the NG and CG structures. As the environmental temperature decreases, the wear rates of all the structures decrease, with the lowest wear rate observed at -120 ^oC. At this temperature, the CG structure exhibits the lowest wear rate—surpassing the NG and HS structures—attributed to its low stacking-fault energy, inducing martensitic transformation and forming a nano/submicron crystalline hardened layer. This layer effectively prevents crack propagation and enhances wear resistance. Although martensitic transformation and surface hardening also occur in the HS structure, the wear debris generated during sliding acts as a third-body abrasive, accelerating wear and degrading wear resistance. In contrast, the CG structure, which exhibits excellent low-temperature plastic deformation ability, shows only mild abrasion during the wear process.