CrN/NbN涂层因其优异的抗腐蚀和耐磨损性能，在海洋服役环境中具有良好的应用前景。本工作采用电弧离子镀技术在45#钢基体上沉积了6种CrN/NbN涂层(S1~S6)，通过多层/纳米多层结构设计和引入离子刻蚀工艺降低了涂层缺陷密度，提升了涂层综合性能，并针对涂层的腐蚀磨损失效行为进行了初步探讨。结果表明，S2~S6涂层均具有细小的柱状晶结构，主要物相为CrN和NbN，且S2和S3多层涂层层间界面清晰、结合良好。S6涂层为纳米多层结构，调制周期为8.9 nm，子层界面共格且存在一定程度的Nb、Cr元素互扩散。涂层中的层错提升了涂层的力学性能。离子刻蚀工艺在不改变涂层物相结构和恶化涂层力学性能的同时，打断了大颗粒的连续生长，平滑了涂层表面/界面，从而显著降低了涂层的表面缺陷占比，其中S3和S5涂层的表面缺陷占比分别为(2.70 ± 0.19)%和(2.43 ± 0.49)%。随着子层厚度的降低，涂层的耐电化学腐蚀性能和耐腐蚀磨损性能逐渐提升，其中S6涂层具有最低的腐蚀磨损率，为2.42 × 10^-6 mm³/(N·m)。

The rapid exploitation of marine resources in China has heightened the need for advanced marine engineering equipment and imposed more stringent requirements on the surface performance of its key components. CrN/NbN coatings, with their excellent corrosion and wear resistances, demonstrate potential for applications in marine service environments. In this study, CrN/NbN coatings were deposited on 45# steel substrates using arc ion plating technology. A multilayer/nanolayer design and ion etching process were implemented to reduce coating defect densities, thereby enhancing overall coating performance. SEM analysis revealed that S2-S6 coatings exhibited fine columnar structures, with well-defined and cohesive sublayer interfaces in S2 and S3 multilayer coatings. XRD and TEM analyses confirmed that the primary phases of the coatings were CrN and NbN. HRTEM analyses demonstrated that S6 coating present nanolayer structure with a modulation period of 8.9 nm, where CrN and NbN sublayer thicknesses were approximately 2.7 and 6.2 nm, respectively. A coherent interface was observed in the S6 coating, accompanied by the interdiffusion of Nb and Cr elements between the CrN and NbN sublayers. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) image displayed streak-like features characteristic of stacking faults, as well as two sets of diffraction patterns indicative of coherent sublayer interfaces. Nanoindentation tests revealed that among the fabricated coatings, the S1 monolayer coating exhibited the lowest hardness of (21.8 ± 0.7) GPa, while the S4 coating demonstrated the highest hardness of (30.1 ± 1.4) GPa, attributed to its coherent interfaces and stacking faults. Ion etching had minimal impact on coating phases and mechanical properties. However, ion bombardment effectively interrupted the continuous growth of large particles, resulting in smoother surfaces and interfaces and thereby reducing surface defect proportions. The defect percentages for S3 and S5 coatings were (2.7 ± 0.19)% and (2.43 ± 0.49)%, respectively. These lower defect densities contributed to higher pore resistance (R_po) and charge transfer resistance (R_ct). As sublayer thickness decreased, the electrochemical and tribocorrosion performance of CrN/NbN coatings improved progressively, with the S6 sample achieving the lowest corrosive wear rate of 2.42 × 10^-6 mm³/(N·m). The tribocorrosion failure mechanism was preliminarily explored, identifying layer-by-layer peeling as the dominant failure mode. Compared to NbN monolayer coatings, CrN/NbN multilayer/nanolayer coatings exhibited superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance due to interface blocking and reinforcing effects. Furthermore, the application of ion etching to CrN/NbN multilayer/nanolayer coatings enhanced their electrochemical corrosion and tribocorrosion properties by disrupting the growth of large defects.